Legal Cannabis products in the United States are required to report THC potency (total % by dry weight) on packaging, however concerns have been raised that reported values inaccurate. Multiple studies demonstrated is a primary factor determining pricing for flower, so it has an outsized role marketplace. Reports of inflated and “lab shopping” obtain higher results circulating some time, but side-by-side investigation flower package not previously conducted. Using HPLC, we analyzed 23...

Unlike other plants, Cannabis sativa is excluded from regulation by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Distinctive varieties are ostracized registration and therefore nearly impossible to verify. As has become legal for medical recreational consumption in many states, consumers have been exposed a wave novel products with distinctive names. Despite more than 2000 named strains being available consumers, questions about consistency commercially not investigated through...

Abstract Public comfort with Cannabis (marijuana and hemp) has recently increased, resulting in previously strict regulations now allowing hemp cultivation, medical use, some states, recreational consumption. There is a growing interest the potential benefits of various chemical constituents produced by plant. Currently, University Mississippi, funded through National Institutes Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH/NIDA), sole Enforcement Agency (DEA) licensed facility to cultivate...

The relative roles of gene flow and natural selection in maintaining species differentiation have been a subject debate for some time. traditional view is that constrains adaptive divergence maintains cohesiveness. Alternatively, ecological speciation posits the reverse true: flow. In this study, we examine population among populations two Hawaiian silversword alliance, Dubautia arborea D. ciliolata. We compare putatively neutral microsatellite markers with leaf morphometric traits, which...

The California Channel Islands are a group of eight oceanic islands located off the coast southern that substantially closer to mainland than most other well-studied island systems. equilibrium theory biogeography proposed by MacArthur and Wilson posits species diversity on an will be positively impacted area negatively isolation, which has been confirmed for Islands. In this study, we have extended Wilson's examine how levels genetic relate four characteristics (island area, distance...

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the sole producer of Cannabis for research purposes in United States, including medical investigation. Previous established that cannabinoid profiles NIDA varieties lacked diversity and potency relative to produced commercially. Additionally, microsatellite marker analyses have are genetically divergent form private legal market. Here, we analyzed genomes multiple from diverse lineages two by NIDA, provide further support NIDA’s differ widely...

Currently in the United States, sole licensed facility to cultivate

Incongruence among different estimates of species relationships in plants, from molecules, cytogenetic data, biogeographic morphological/anatomical data or other sources, has been used frequently as an indication introgression, hybrid origin, chloroplast (cp) capture. In these incongruences are most often seen between derived the nuclear vs. cp genomes and markers for comparison usually have ribosomal (nr) internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). The amount genomic material shared...

Adaptive diversification can be viewed as a balance between the conservative force of interpopulation gene flow and selection for differential environments. In this paper, we examine ecological, morphological, genetic differentiation in small clade consisting four East Maui-endemic species Dubautia: D. menziesii, platyphylla, reticulata, waianapanapaensis, Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae). The Maui is apparently recently derived (less than 1 million years ago) geographically...

Background and AimsThe Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae) is one the best examples of a plant adaptive radiation, exhibiting extensive morphological ecological diversity. No research within this group has addressed role geographical isolation, independent adaptation, in contributing to taxonomic The aims study were examine genetic differentiation among subspecies Dubautia laxa determine if allopatric or sympatric populations form distinct clusters understand better geography...

The genus Rhinanthus L. is complex, containing many taxonomically unresolved taxa. In this paper we studied genetic variation and species relationships in 15 populations of six from three sections. For purpose, developed new microsatellite primers for R. osiliensis used them to investigate two narrow endemics (R. osiliensis, javorkae) four widespread rumelicus wagneri, angustifolius minor). Species-specific private alleles were found all except angustifolius. Bulgarian endemic javorkae...

This study revisits the hypothesis that dispersal to California’s Channel Islands follows a stepping-stone pattern from mainland California, based on earlier work indicating floras conform classic island-biogeographic expectations. A re-examination of data incorporating directions prevailing and seasonal Santa Ana winds greatly strengthens power model explain levels endemism in Island floras, suggests importance aoelian processes for island colonization. Regression analysis percent native...

The relative roles of chance colonization and subsequent gene flow in the development insular endemic biotas have been extensively studied remote oceanic archipelagos, but are less well characterized on nearshore island systems. current study investigated patterns divergence between within two wild buckwheat species (Polygonaceae), Eriogonum arborescens E. giganteum, to California Channel Islands determine whether geographical isolation is driving diversification. Using plastid nuclear...

Adaptive diversification can be viewed as a balance between the conservative force of interpopulation gene flow and selection for differential environments. In this paper, we examine ecological, morphological, genetic differentiation in small clade consisting four East Maui–endemic species Dubautia D. menziesii, platyphylla, reticulata, waianapanapaensis, Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae). The Maui is apparently recently derived (less than 1 million years ago) geographically...

DNA barcoding is a simple technique used to develop large-scale system of classification that broadly applicable across wide variety taxa. DNA-based analysis snake venoms can provide independent currently accepted taxonomic relationships by generating barcodes specific each venom sample. purification from dried has previously required large amounts starting material, resulted in low yields and inconsistent amplification, was possible with front-fanged snakes only. Here, we present modified...

Cannabis sativa L. is grown and marketed under a large number of named strains. Strains are often associated with phenotypic traits interest to consumers, such as aroma cannabinoid content. Yet genetic inconsistencies have been noted within We asked whether genetically inconsistent samples commercial strain also display profiles. genotyped 32 using variable microsatellite regions determine consensus genotype identify outliers (if any) for four Results were used select 15 olfactory testing. A...

• Premise of the study: To estimate genetic structure, chloroplast loci containing length‐variable regions were developed for two legumes, Acmispon argophyllus and A. dendroideus . Methods Results: Primers 14 repeat from genome sequence legume Lotus japonicus tested in Nine exhibited polymorphism , with up to six alleles per locus. Gene diversity ranged 0 0.775 0.142 0.766 The primers also amplified other species. Sequencing fragments revealed discordance between fragment sizes underlying...

California Channel Island buckwheats are important components of scrub communities on the Islands. A long history overgrazing by introduced herbivores San Clemente has contributed to vegetation loss and population declines in 2 endemic island taxa, Eriogonum giganteum var. formosum E. grande grande. Since herbivore removal, species, which early colonizers disturbed habitats, have been increasing across island. These increases thought facilitate further recovery native flora because shrubs...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Investigations of recently derived and edaphically (soil) defined plant systems have provided insight into important mechanisms ecological divergence. We investigated the impact edaphic adaptation on recent divergence between two Colorado Plateau endemics: gypsum facultative Oreocarya revealii (Boraginaceae) its more generalist sister species O. paradoxa . assessed morphological stability, genetic identity, soil chemistry to determine whether is a distinct lineage...