The thermal comfort of elderly people in warm indoor environments is important because their higher risk heat stress. use local cooling devices may help alleviate In this study, 26 participants were recruited for climate chamber experiments neutral (26 °C, 40 % relative humidity (RH)), slightly (29 RH; 28 60 RH), and (33 32 50 RH) environments. Three tested: a table fan, evaporative device, air-cooled jacket. This study found, different environments, the by results an mean skin temperature...

In this study, we investigated the thermal response of Nordic elderly people before and after using local cooling devices in warm conditions. A climate chamber was used to simulate environments. We studied three types devices: a table fan, an evaporative device, air-cooled jacket. total 26 participants were recruited for study. During experiments, votes air movement perception collected. The voted neutral temperature °C, preferred 26.5 acceptable 28 °C. Local sensation torso areas affected...

Due to climate change, there is an increased risk of apartment overheating. In Nordic countries, heatwaves have not been common in the past and hence apartments are equipped with mechanical cooling systems, so wise urban design might be a solution. This study evaluated influence microenvironment on residential building indoor air temperature via green view index (GVI), floor area ratio distance from sea. We analyzed large dataset over 2000 Helsinki region during summers 2018 2021, where...

Weakly $n$-type doped germanium has been irradiated with protons up to a fluence of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ at 35 K and 100 in unique experimental setup. Positron annihilation measurements show defect lifetime component 272$\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$4 ps situ positron after irradiation K. This is identified as the monovacancy. Annealing experiments temperature interval 35--300 reveal two annealing stages. The first tentatively associated...

Aerosols are one of the major sources cross-infection. The main purpose this study is to analyze effects heat gain, airflow rate, air distribution, and location an infector on airborne transmission infection probability in a meeting room. In six-person room droplet nuclei infected person were simulated with tracer gas (SF6) generated by thermal breathing manikin. An overhead perforated duct (OPD) low velocity unit (LVU) used their performance was compared. With OPD, average contaminant...

In industrial applications, local exhaust systems have been used extensively for capturing and confining contaminants at their source. The present study investigates the efficacy of these in mitigating spread exhaled pollutants by combining them with mixing displacement ventilation. Experiments were conducted a simulated meeting room six closely situated workstations, featuring five exposed persons (simulated heated dummies) one infected person breathing manikin). Six overhead units, merged...

The paper analyses the performance of a five-storey apartment building equipped with modern passive stack ventilation in Nordic conditions. system was retrofitted 2019, and novel self-regulating air inlet devices filters were equipped. simulated IDA ICE software, where model terminal units developed using manufacturer product data. Several case scenarios created to analyze effects poor maintenance, improved airtightness, window opening on performance. For analysis, one-room three-room...

Based on the recognized airborne infection risk, there is a raised demand to develop innovative ventilation systems mitigate transmission risk indoors. This paper focused two micro-environment systems, namely personalized combined with radiant panel system (PVRP) and local low velocity unit (LVRP) studied potential minimize risk. The performance was compared typical mixing system, where supply air released from perforated duct. droplet nuclei of an infected person were simulated tracer gas...

This study presents extensive experimental measurements in a modern Finnish ice rink arena including temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, air speed, flow and pressure difference addition to smoke tests. Furthermore, the exchange rate (ACH), air-exchange efficiency, mixing factor were calculated. The main aim was determine ventilation effectiveness, vertical stratification of how commonly re-circulation can be used representing common practice. Results show that return virtually...

In this study, the performance of a micro-environment system was analysed and compared with diffused ceiling ventilation. low velocity radiant panel system, two units panels were installed above workstations to supply directly clean air occupants cover cooling power required. With ventilation, all demand is covered thus, airflow rate required higher than system. The varied heat gain from 40 80 W/m 2 consists seated dummies, laptops, monitors simulated solar gain. results show that perimeter...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the human response indoor climate with two individually controlled convective and radiant cooling systems: a low velocity unit combined panel system (LVRP) personalized ventilation (PVRP). As reference without individual control, diffuse ceiling (DCV-RP) was also studied. In laboratory conditions, 10 males females gave subjective during various office activities. parameters CO2 concentrations were measured. results show that DCV-RP system, conditions...

Evolution of the chemical surroundings vacancy complexes in Sb-doped ($[\text{Sb}]=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}$ and $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) Si${}_{0.8}$Ge${}_{0.2}$ was studied with positron annihilation spectroscopy Doppler broadening mode. The study performed by annealing samples both isochronally isothermally. Defect evolution observed at temperature range 450--650 K. Both treatments were shown to induce changes $E$-centers...

The influence of occupants'’ movements should be considered when analysing local thermal comfort. This study presents the effect human movement on airflow characteristics and conditions with diffuse ceiling ventilation by experimental studies. A simulated person moving was used to in an office. In these experiments, three speeds were studied: 0.3, 0.6 1.0 m/s. moved four cycle patterns: continuous 5 s, 10 s 15 interval breaks between each turn. Three heat gain levels 40, 60 80 W/m 2...

To evaluate the thermal environment in classrooms, physical measurements were conducted laboratory conditions. The objective of study is to compare performance four typical air distribution methods both heating and cooling modes a mock-up classroom. included corridor-wall grille, displacement ventilation concept using two low-velocity units, ceiling diffuser, perforated duct diffuser. There three designed test condition classroom: summer conditions with full occupancy (heat gain 54 W/m2)...