The use of photoinitiated polymerization is continuously growing in industry as reflected by the large number applications not only conventional areas such coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, nanotechnology. In this Perspective, latest developments photoinitiating systems for free radical cationic polymerizations are presented. potential photochemical methods step-growth highlighted. goal is, furthermore, to show...

Abstract Polybenzoxazine is a newly developed addition polymerized phenolic system, having wide range of interesting features and the capability to overcome several shortcomings conventional novolac resole type resins. They exhibit (i) near zero volumetric change upon curing, (ii) low water absorption, (iii) for some polybenzoxazines T g much higher than cure temperature, (iv) high char yield, (v) no strong acid catalysts required (vi) release byproduct during curing also possess thermal...

Spatial and temporal control over chemical biological processes, both in terms of "tuning" products providing site-specific control, is one the most exciting rapidly developing areas modern science. For synthetic chemists, challenge to discover develop selective efficient reactions capable generating useful molecules a variety matrices. In recent studies, light has been recognized as valuable method for determining where, when, what extent process started or stopped. Accordingly, this...

This review focuses on the advancements and progress in photoinitiated polymerization techniques mediated by thioxanthone (TX) its derivatives.

NIR-sensitized photoinduced atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is possible by using ppm of CuII /tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) as the catalyst, a polymethine photosensitizer, and α-bromophenylacetate alkyl halide initiator. Among polymethines investigated with cationic, zwitterionic, or anionic structures, only zwitterionic 2 exhibited sensitization activity under NIR light at room temperature resulting in formation polymers controlled molecular weight characteristics...

Using the Diels−Alder (DA) “click chemistry” strategy between anthracene and maleimide functional groups, two series of well-defined polystyrene-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PS-g-PEG) polystyrene-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-g-PMMA) copolymers were successfully prepared. The whole process was divided into stages: (i) preparation polymers (ii) use reaction these groups. First, random styrene (S) chloromethylstyrene (CMS) with various CMS contents prepared by nitroxide-mediated radical...

Well-controlled radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate can be achieved by in situ photochemical generation copper (I) complex from air-stable (II) species without using any reducing agent at room temperature. The living character this was confirmed both the linear tendency molecular weight evolution with conversion and a chain extension experiment.

Abstract Thermally and photochemically initiated thiol–ene click reactions using thiol‐ allyl‐ end functionalized linear polystyrenes with various enes (allyl bromide, methyl acrylate, methacrylate) thiol (3‐mercaptopropionic acid) have been investigated. Allyl‐ thiol‐end‐capped controlled molecular weight low polydispersity were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene functional initiator group modification approaches, respectively. Thiol–ene can be both cleavage...

Abstract Polybenzoxazines are newly developed thermoset polymers exhibiting versatility in a wide range of applications including the electronics and aerospace industries. When combined as composites, attractive characteristics both components apparent. The chemistry benzoxazine synthesis offers molecular design flexibility thus facilitates preparation various polybenzoxazine‐based composites. This article reviews recent developments thermal curing composites with focus on structure–property...

2-Mercaptothioxanthone (TX-SH), a hydrogen abstraction type photoinitiator for free radical polymerization, is synthesized and characterized. Its capability to act as an initiator the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), multifunctional monomers examined. The relative efficiencies TX-SH, parent thioxanthone (TX), their combination with amine synergist such N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are compared in photopolymerization. postulated mechanism based on intermolecular...

Abstract Photoinduced CRP of methyl methacrylate initiated by in situ generation copper (I) complex from higher oxidation state species methanol was investigated. The polymerizations proceeded a well‐controlled manner under UV light at room temperature as evidenced kinetic and chain extension studies. evolution molecular weight with conversion showed good correlation between experimental theoretical weights, which confirmed control over polymerization ensured narrow MWD. effect the on also...

In macromolecular and material science, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has intensely influenced the research strategies facilitating fabrication of a wide range polymers with well-defined structures functions their conjugation biomolecules. Recently, required copper (I) catalyst for ATRP process is generated by photoinduced redox reactions involving in situ reduction Cu(II) to Cu(I). Photochemically initiated provide several distinct advantages, including temporal spatial...

Abstract Visible light‐induced reverse and simultaneous normal initiation (SR&NI) atom transfer radical polymerizations of vinyl monomers are examined using various dyes type I photoinitiators. The effect photoinitiator types on the control molecular weight distribution is described. In both dye sensitized SR&NI ATRP systems, weights increase linearly with conversion. However, experimental considerably higher than theoretical values polymers show broad‐molecular‐weight distributions...

A new photoredox catalyst system for atom transfer radical polymerization is developed on the basis of visible light photocatalysis using dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10) that initiates and controls at ambient temperature. The was performed by a Mn2(CO)10–alkyl halide with visible- or sunlight in presence parts per million (ppm) copper catalysts. photogenerated ˙Mn(CO)5 radicals are not only able to abstract halogen atoms from alkyl halides generate carbon centered but also reduce...

Abstract High molecular weight polyetheresters (PEE) containing thermally curable benzoxazine units in the main chain have been synthesized. For this purpose, first diol functional monomer is synthesized through Mannich reaction of 4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol A), formaldehyde, and 2‐(2‐aminoethoxy)ethanol. Polycondensation resulting dietherdiol with adipoyl chloride terephthaloyl dichloride presence triethyl amine yields corresponding PEE weights 34.000 Da. The structures...

A novel thioxanthone−anthracene (TX-A) photoinitiator, namely 5-thia-pentacene-14-one, possessing the respective photochromic groups was synthesized. TX-A is an efficient photoinitiator for free radical polymerization of acrylic and styrenic type monomers in presence oxygen. UV−vis, FT-IR, fluorescence spectroscopic studies revealed that photoinitiation occurs through anthracene chromophore. In contrast to thioxanthone-based photoinitiators, does not require additional hydrogen donor initiation.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication the EditorNEXTIn Situ Synthesis of Silver−Epoxy Nanocomposites by Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Cationic Polymerization ProcessesM. Sangermano, Y. Yagci, G. RizzaView Author Information Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico Torino, C. so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, I-10129 Italy, Department Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey, Laboratoire des...