A5068941350- Climate variability and models
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Landslides and related hazards
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
Weizmann Institute of Science
2011-2024
ETH Zurich
2014-2017
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
2007-2008
Israel Water Authority
1990-2002
Abstract We present a dataset of daily resolution climatic time series that has been compiled for the European Climate Assessment (ECA). As December 2001, this ECA comprises 199 minimum, maximum and/or mean temperature and 195 precipitation amount observed at meteorological stations in Europe Middle East. Almost all cover standard normal period 1961–90, about 50% extends back to least 1925. Part (90%) is made available climate research on CDROM through Internet (at...
Abstract. A large number of intense cyclones occur every year in the Mediterranean basin, one climate change hotspots. Producing a broad range severe socio-economic and environmental impacts such densely populated region, call for coordinated interdisciplinary research efforts. This article aims at supporting these efforts by reviewing status knowledge field cyclones. First, we focus on climatology cyclone tracks, their relationship to large-scale atmospheric circulation future trends....
Abstract. Gaining a holistic understanding of extreme weather, from its physical drivers to impacts on society and ecosystems, is key supporting future risk reduction preparedness measures. Here, we provide an overview the state art, knowledge gaps open questions in study weather events over vulnerable eastern Mediterranean. This region situated transition zone between subtropical mid-latitude climates. The large-scale atmospheric circulation interaction with regional synoptic systems (i.e.,...
A new method for identifying high impact large‐scale wind and precipitation events in the extended Mediterranean region is outlined applied to European Centre Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis dataset ERA‐Interim years 1979–2012. The highlights 10 m gust that classify as extreme if integrated over a spatial scale of 1000 km temporal 3 days. detects successfully events, reveals clear seasonal differences among subregions Mediterranean. Western extremes are more intense, occur...
Dry-air intrusions (DIs) are dry, deeply descending airstreams from the upper troposphere toward planetary boundary layer (PBL). The significance of DIs spans a variety aspects, including interaction with convection, extratropical cyclones and fronts, PBL, extreme surface weather. Here, Lagrangian definition for DI trajectories is used applied to ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data. Based on criterion minimum descent 400 hPa during 48 h, first global climatology compiled years...
Wildfire is a major source of biomass burning aerosols, which greatly impact Earth climate. Tree species in North America (NA) boreal forests can support high-intensity crown fires, resulting elevated injection height and longer lifetime (on the order months) wildfire aerosols. Given long lifetime, properties aged NA aerosols are required to understand quantify their effects on radiation Here we present comprehensive characterization climatically relevant properties, including optical cloud...
Cyclones impacting the densely populated Mediterranean region have been a continuous research focus, mainly for investigating either associated heavy precipitation or damaging wind gusts. In this study we examine five cyclones with combined large‐scale impact of strong 10 m gusts and precipitation. The selected events occurred in (i) December 2003 northeastern Mediterranean; (ii) October 2007 central (iii) January 2009, known as storm ‘ Klaus ’, western (iv) 2010 eastern (v) 2011...
Abstract Breaking of atmospheric Rossby waves has been previously shown to lead intense Mediterranean cyclones, one the most prominent environmental risks in region. Wave breaking may be enhanced by warm conveyor belts ( WCBs ) associated with extratropical cyclones developing over Atlantic Ocean. More precisely, supply upper troposphere air masses low potential vorticity that, turn, amplify ridges and thus favor wave breaking. This study identifies mechanism that connects mature through...
Abstract Dry intrusions (DIs) are synoptic‐scale slantwise descending airstreams from the midlatitude upper troposphere toward boundary layer at lower latitudes. Typically occurring behind cold fronts, such of dry air often reach and cause its deepening, thereby affecting boundary‐layer clouds. Although subsidence is generally an inherent feature subtropical marine (MBL), it unclear how MBL reacts to transient, dynamically distinct DI. In this study, reanalysis data were combined with...
Abstract. Formation of atmospheric ice plays a crucial role in the microphysical evolution mixed-phase and cirrus clouds thus climate. How aerosol particles impact crystal formation by acting as ice-nucleating (INPs) is subject intense research activities. To improve understanding INPs, we examined daytime nighttime collected during Aerosol Cloud Experiments Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) field campaign conducted summer 2017. Collected particles, representative remote marine environment,...
Abstract Tropical plumes (TPs) reflect tropical–extratropical interaction associated with the transport of moisture from Tropics to extratropical latitudes. They are observed in satellite images as continuous narrow cloud bands ahead upper-level subtropical troughs at times when jet is highly perturbed. Rainstorms usually develop exit regions TPs, so their presence over northern Africa has an impact on precipitation regime southeastern Mediterranean. Based and rainfall measurements Israel,...
Cold fronts are a primary feature of the day-to-day variability weather in midlatitudes, and conceptual extratropical cyclone models alongside dry intrusion airstream. Here climatological frequency spatial distribution co-occurrence these two features quantified, differences cold front characteristics (intensity, size, precipitation) when is present or not calculated. Fronts objectively identified ECMWF ERA-Interim dataset for winter seasons each hemisphere split into three sub-types:...
Abstract. The prediction of cloud ice formation in climate models remains a challenge, partly due to the complexity ice-related processes. Mineral dust is prominent aerosol troposphere and an important contributor nucleation mixed-phase clouds, as can initiate heterogeneously at relatively low supercooling conditions. We characterized properties size-segregated mineral sampled during events eastern Mediterranean. sampling site allowed us compare airborne from several sources with diverse...
Abstract The Indian summer monsoon affects the lives of over 1/6 world’s population. Precipitation extremes during monsoons have dire socioeconomic impacts. Yet, mechanisms leading to these are poorly understood, making their accurate forecasts and reliable future projections a longstanding challenge. Using Lagrangian-based method, we show that precipitation link dry air intrusions from southern midlatitudes upper troposphere, crossing equator, reaching Arabian Sea. By triggering intense...
Abstract. Mediterranean cyclones (MCs) govern extreme weather events across the Euro-African Basin, affecting lives of hundreds millions. Despite many studies addressing MCs in last few decades, their correct simulation and prediction remain a significant challenge to present day, which may be attributed large variability among MCs. Past classifications are primarily based on geographical and/or seasonal separations; however, here we focus cyclone genesis deepening mechanisms. A variety...
Abstract The mistral is a northerly gap‐wind regime blowing through the Rhone Valley in Southern France. It held responsible for sea‐surface cooling necessary to produce deep convection Gulf of Lion turbulent ocean heat loss. tightly connected lee‐cyclogenesis Genoa, where topography forces substantial downward motion. Dry intrusions (DIs) are airstreams forming descending branch extratropical cyclones. Known induce cold and dry surface anomalies, DIs potential contributors enhanced...
The potential effects of desert plantations, such as those used for climate change mitigation, during extreme heat waves remain an important and unresolved question. While the influence large-scale surface heterogeneity, land-sea distribution mountain ranges on weather, is well established incorporated in operational numerical weather prediction models, impact smaller-scale heterogeneities remains uncertain. Specifically, interplay between synoptic forcing arising mesoscale interactions not...
Earth’s seasonality profoundly influences nearly every aspect of life on our planet. It plays a key role in driving vegetation cycles and shaping wildlife behavior. Seasonality also impacts human significantly, affecting health, mood, social dynamics, cultural patterns. Despite its importance, is still traditionally defined by astronomical seasons—equal-length divisions applied uniformly across the Earth. Although this division simple intuitive, it overlooks crucial...
We collected and analyzed Br − breakthrough curve (BTC) data to identify the parameters controlling transport from a series of soil cores field‐scale tracer test at Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SH‐CZO) in central Pennsylvania. The were retrieved continuous hole that extended through profile quantify also how solute behavior changes with depth weathering. Additionally, we performed doublet determine weathered shale bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity porosity as low 10 −15 m s −1 0.035,...
The conceptual picture of an extratropical cyclone typically includes a cold front and dry intrusion (DI) behind it. By objectively identifying fronts DIs in ECMWF ERA-Interim data for 1979-2014, Part I quantified the climatological relationship between DIs. Driven by finding that intensity frontal precipitation are enhanced presence DIs, here we employ front-centred perspective to focus on dynamical thermodynamical environment with without Northern Hemisphere winter. Distinguishing trailing...
Abstract. The mistral is a northerly low-level jet blowing through the Rhône valley in southern France and down to Gulf of Lion. It co-located with cold sector lee cyclone Genoa, behind an upper-level trough north Alps. wind has long been associated extreme weather events Mediterranean, while extensive research focused on lower-tropospheric cyclogenesis, different upper-tropospheric large- synoptic-scale settings involved producing are not generally known. Here, isentropic potential...