Abstract Tough hydrogels, polymeric network structures with excellent mechanical properties (such as high stretchability and toughness), are emerging soft materials. Despite their remarkably features, tough hydrogels exhibit two flaws (freezing around the icing temperatures of water drying under arid conditions). Inspired by cryoprotectants (CPAs) used in inhibition biological samples, a versatile straightforward method is reported to fabricate extreme anti‐freezing, non‐drying CPA‐based...

Abstract Soft electronics are rising electronic technologies towards applications spanning from healthcare monitoring to medical implants. However, poor adhesion strength and significant mechanical mismatches inevitably cause the interface failure of devices. Herein we report a self-adhesive conductive polymer that possesses low modulus (56.1-401.9 kPa), high stretchability (700%), interfacial (lap-shear >1.2 MPa), conductivity (1-37 S/cm). The is fabricated by doping...

Abstract Transient electronics, arising electronic devices with dissolvable or degradable features on demand, is still at an early stage of development due to the limited choices materials and strategies. Herein, a facile fabrication method for transient circuits by combination room‐temperature liquid metals (RTLMs) as circuit water‐soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) packaging material reported. The as‐made exhibit remarkable durability stable electric performance upon bending twisting, while...

Abstract Shape morphing nanosystems have recently attracted much attention and a number of applications are developed, spanning from autonomous robotics to drug delivery. However, the fabrication such remains at an early stage owing limited choices strategies materials. This work reports facile method fabricate liquid metal (LM) nanodroplets by sonication bulk LM in aqueous dopamine hydrochloride solution their application light‐induced shape nanoscale. In this method, acts as surfactant,...

Abstract Nontoxic liquid metals (conductive materials in a state at room temperature) are an emerging class of for applications ranging from soft electronics and robotics to medical therapy energy devices. Their sticky corrosive properties, however, becoming more critical concern circuits devices containing other as these easily destroyed or contaminated by the metals. Herein, feasible method fabricating highly conductive graphene‐coated metal (GLM) droplets is reported their application...

Abstract Tough hydrogels, polymeric network structures with excellent mechanical properties (such as high stretchability and toughness), are emerging soft materials. Despite their remarkably features, tough hydrogels exhibit two flaws (freezing around the icing temperatures of water drying under arid conditions). Inspired by cryoprotectants (CPAs) used in inhibition biological samples, a versatile straightforward method is reported to fabricate extreme anti‐freezing, non‐drying CPA‐based...

We have prepared polyurethane with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as the segments of main chain and poly(triisopropylsilyl acrylate) (PTIPSA) side chains by a combination radical polymerization condensation reaction. Quartz crystal microbalance dissipation studies show that can degrade in presence enzyme degradation rate decreases PTIPSA content. Our also demonstrate is able to hydrolyze artificial seawater hydrolysis increases content increases. Moreover, leads hydrophilic surface favorable...

Gallium-based alloys have garnered considerable attention in the scientific community, particularly as they are an atypical liquid state at and near room temperature. Though physical parameters, such thermal conductivity, electrical viscosity, yield stress, surface tension, of these broadly known, tension (surface free energy) oxide skin remains intangible due to high stress skin. In this article, we propose employ gradually attenuated vibrations obtain equilibrium shapes, which analyzed...

A reliable and straightforward sedimentation method was developed for the fabrication of liquid metal–elastomer composites with electric, heat transport, mechanical anisotropy.

Diels–Alder (DA) bond crosslinked polyurethane (PU) networks are utilized as a matrix to fabricate multifunctional liquid metal (LM)-elastomer composites.

Abstract Liquid metal (LM) droplet‐embedded polymer composites with exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical characteristics are attractive for applications in soft electronics thermal management. Generally, a high volume fraction of LMs is required desirable electrical properties, thus recycling favorable cost effective. However, from remains formidable challenge because the LM droplets typically dispersed into permanent covalently crosslinked matrix. Here, facile synthesis...

The electric actuation of room-temperature liquid metals, such as Galinstan (gallium–indium–tin), has largely been conducted in alkaline electrolyte. Addition surface-active anions and a proper acidic pH are expected to influence the interfacial tension metal due high surface charge density. Hence, it should be possible actuate metals environments. To ascertain this, at first, dependence NaOH, acidified KI, NaCl electrolyte on concentration OH–, I–, Cl–, respectively, were studied....

Tough protein organohydrogels are fabricated by applying a solvent displacement-induced toughening (SDIT) strategy. By one-step SDIT, relatively weak and brittle hydrogels change to with remarkably high performance in anti-freezing, non-drying, topological healing, thermal plasticizing, mechanical toughness stretchability.

Gallium-based liquid metals form alloys with a melting point close to or below room temperature. On the surface of these metals, thin oxide skin is formed once in contact oxygen, and this can be leveraged stabilize metal micro- nanodroplets liquid. During sonication storage droplets aqueous solution, gallium hydroxide (GaOOH) forms on droplets, given enough time treatment heat, full shape transition dealloying are observed. In article, we show that GaOOH grown at temperature growth dependent...

Abstract Directed liquid metal (gallium‐based) manipulation and actuation are paramount for copious applications, including soft robotics, electronics, targeted drug delivery. Although there several strategies available to achieve mobility of metals in a “wet” environment. Strategies improve droplets puddles “dry” environment scarce rely on metallophobic surface design or marbles. Here, high Galinstan is elucidated by combining vertical vibrations. Vibration frequencies between 20 30 Hz...

A new biomimetic surface named nano-micro binary polymer brushes is fabricated by large-area bench-top dip-pen nanodisplacement lithography technique. It composed of gelatin-modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanolines which are spaced microstripes poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Cells not only adhered and oriented well on the re-used surface, but also detachable from with well-preserved extracellular matrix aligned morphology.

Abstract The mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness, stretchability) of prefabricated hydrogels are pivotal importance for diverse applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, and medicine. This study reports a feasible method to fabricate ultrasoft highly stretchable structures from stiff tough low stretchability the application these switchable programmable shape‐morphing systems. Stiff hydrogel first fabricated by strengthening Ca 2+ ‐alginate/polyacrylamide addition Fe 3+ ions,...

Abstract Mechanically controlled polymerization that employs the mechanical energy to fabricate novel synthetic materials has attracted considerable interest. However, only a few examples have been achieved so far, owing limited choices of and strategies. Herein, versatile, liquid metal (LM)‐mediated mechanochemical method (LMMMP) is developed for air‐compatible, robust preparation polymers in an aqueous solution. This involves simultaneous disruption bulk LMs into micro‐ nanodroplets...

Gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) exist as atypical liquid-phase at and near room temperature while being electrically thermally conductive, enabling copious applications in soft electronics thermal management systems. Yet, solid are affected by interfacing with GLMs, resulting metal embrittlement device failure. To avert this issue, mechanically durable tunable diffusion barriers for long-term reliable metal-solid based on the deposition of various diamond coatings designed synthesized,...

Galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) holds immense potential for engineering metal nanostructures. This allows the formation of bimetallic hollow nanostructures in a single step, which precise control is necessary to customize size, composition, and morphology. Whereas achieving trimetallic or multimetallic systems through sequential GRR highly desirable, their synthesis remains challenging because high complexity multistep processes fact that they require addition sequence amount precursors....

Liquid metal (LM)–polymer composites that combine the thermal and electrical conductivity of LMs with shape-morphing capability polymers are attracting a great deal attention in fields reconfigurable electronics soft robotics. However, investigation synergetic effect between shape-changing properties polymer matrices is lacking. Herein, self-healable recyclable dual-shape memory composite, comprising an LM (gallium) Diels–Alder (DA) crosslinked crystalline polyurethane (PU) elastomer,...

Crystallization of polymer chains confined on a surface greatly influences properties. We have grafted comb-like copolymer, consisting poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) backbone and semicrystalline poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) side chains, silicon investigated the crystallization such PCL upon solvent evaporation by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GI-WAXS), polarized optical microscope (POM). Our studies reveal that align form...