A5067993413- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological formations and processes
- Landslides and related hazards
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Field-Flow Fractionation Techniques
- Geophysical Methods and Applications
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
- Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
- Granular flow and fluidized beds
Lancaster University
2021-2024
British Geological Survey
2022-2024
University of Oxford
2018
Magma is a viscoelastic fluid that can support fracture propagation when local shear stresses are high, or relax and flow low. Here we present experiments to confirm this using synthetic natural magmatic liquids across eruptive conditions use Maxwell's linear viscoelasticity parameterize our results predict the maximum be supported during flow. This model proves universal large range of liquid compositions, temperatures, crystallinity rates strain relevant shallow crustal magma ascent. Our...
Silicic volcanic eruptions range in style from gently effusive to highly explosive, and may switch unpredictably during a single eruption. Direct observations of subaerial rhyolitic (Chaiten 2008, Cordón Caulle 2011–2012, Chile) challenged long-standing paradigms explosive eruptive styles led the formulation new models hybrid activity. However, processes that govern such explosive–effusive activity remain poorly understood. Here, we bring together well-studied 2011–2012 eruption with...
Abstract Silicic volcanic eruptions commonly begin with the explosive ejection of pyroclastic material, before transitioning to gentler effusion-dominated activity. Well-exposed dissected silicic systems are scarce and poorly studied, hindering advances in our understanding explosive–effusive transition needed improve interpretations unrest hazard forecasting. The Mule Creek vent (New Mexico, USA) is a conduit that records processes controlling formation evolution, role tuffisites (fractures...
The opening of magmatic hydraulic fractures is an integral part magma ascent, the triggering volcano seismicity, and defusing explosivity ongoing eruptions via outgassing volatiles. If filled with pyroclastic particles, these can be recorded as tuffisites. Tuffisites are therefore thought to play a key role in both initiating controlling their dynamics, yet genesis remains poorly understood. Here we characterise processes, pressures timescales involved tuffisite evolution within country rock...
Ash emission in explosive silicic eruptions can have widespread impacts for human health, agriculture, infrastructure, and aviation. Estimates of the total grainsize distribution (TGSD) generated during magma fragmentation underpins eruption models ash dispersal forecasts. Conventionally, TGSD constrained via erupted deposits is assumed to match produced at fragmentation. Here we present observations from within vent a recent rhyolitic (Cordón Caulle, Chile, 2011-2012), demonstrating that...
Abstract Silicic lavas can be produced by the sintering of pyroclasts in volcanic sub-surface, and then advected out vent. Here, we provide evidence for this mechanism preserved exposed post-glacial remnants a silicic conduit at Hrafntinnuhryggur, Krafla volcano, Iceland. We show that margins are clast-supported pumice lapilli tuff deposit grades continuously into dense obsidian contains cuspate relict clast boundaries country rock lithic fragments throughout. Transects H 2 O concentrations...
Accurate predictions of volcanological phenomena, such as the trajectory blocks accelerated by volcanic explosions, require quantitative skills training. Large outdoor experiments can be useful to convey concepts processes students in an exciting way. Beyond fun aspects, these provide opportunity engage with physics projectile flight and help promote mathematical learning within Earth Sciences. We present a framework required interpret ballistic trajectories experiment known commonly...
SUMMARY Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), a geophysical imaging method, is commonly used on flood embankments (dykes or levees) to characterize their internal structure and look for defects. These surveys often use single line of electrodes enable 2-D through the embankment crest, an approach that enables rapid efficient surveying compared 3-D surveys. However, offline variations in topography can introduce artefacts into these images, by affecting measured data. Such topographic...
<p>Magma ascent pathways open when pressurised gas-ash mixtures overcome the strength of surrounding rock to form fractures. Gas-ash are injected into propagating fractures, and if ash is deposited this early stage dyke or conduit evolution preserved as a tuffisite vein. Once has become established, fractures formed in country adjacent volcanic also with tuffisites. If tuffisites allow for significant escape magmatic gases from main zone, might dissipate sufficient pressure...