Abstract This article focuses on the fabrication and characterization of stretchable interconnects for wearable electronics applications. Interconnects were screen-printed with a silver-polymer composite ink 50-μm thick thermoplastic polyurethane. The initial sheet resistances manufactured an average 36.2 mΩ/◽, half samples withstood single strains up to 74%. strain proportionality resistance is discussed, regression model introduced. Cycling increased resistance. However, here almost fully...

This paper presents a novel inkjet-printed humidity sensor tag for passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems operating at ultrahigh frequencies (UHFs). During recent years, various sensors have been developed by researchers around the world HF and UHF RFID systems. However, to our best knowledge, presented in this is one of first tags fabricated using inkjet technology. describes structure operation principle as well discusses method performing measurements practice. Furthermore,...

Wireless body-centric sensing systems have an important role in the fields of biomedicine, personal healthcare, safety, and security. Body-centric radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology provides a wireless maintenance-free communication link between human body surroundings through wearable implanted antennas. This enables real-time monitoring vital signs everywhere. Seamlessly integrated miniaturized antennas thus potential to revolutionize everyday life people, contribute...

A study on a low-cost wireless fully inkjet-printed chipless sensor flexible laminate with three different inks is presented. It based two split ring resonator 90° oriented between each other to allow for independent responses polarizations. deposit of polymer/single walled carbon nanotube composite ink used the detection CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as well temperature. In this paper, it shown that inkjet printing...

A small and flexible metal mountable UHF RFID tag antenna, utilizing a high-permittivity substrate material is presented. The composed of single-layer T-matched dipole on ceramic (BaTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) polymer (polydimethylsiloxane) composite substrate, with thickness 1.5 mm. flexibility the allows it to be mounted flat cylindrical metallic surfaces. performance developed evaluated through simulations...

We present the fabrication and testing of graphene-based dipole antennas on cardboard, which is a promising low-cost, recyclable, flexible substrate for future wireless electronics. The letter presents details manufacturing, as well results from measurements simulations. measured sheet resistance graphene antenna 1.9 Ω/sq. Overall, planar with length 143 mm achieved total efficiency 40% realized gain - 2.18 dBi at 889 MHz. Moreover, passive ultra-high-frequency radio-frequency tag based...

This letter presents the proof-of-concept of fabrication and performance analysis a flexible stretchable wearable antenna on three-dimensional (3-D) printed substrate. It details 3-D printing substrate, brush-painting antenna, as well simulation measurement results antenna. In addition, bending test is done to check limitation manufacturing method. The show that silver conductive paste achieves 1.7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Rapid advances in antennas, propagation, electromagnetics, and materials are opening new unexplored opportunities body area sensing stimulation. Next-generation wearables implants seamlessly providing round-the-clock monitoring. In turn, numerous applications brought forward with the potential to ultimately transform healthcare, sports, consumer electronics, beyond. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview, discusses challenges opportunities, indicates future directions for: (a)...

Metallic objects are challenging for passive ultra high frequency (UHF) spectrum radio identification (RFID) systems due to the effects of conductive materials on tag antenna performance. In this letter, we analyze metallic plate size performance microstrip patch-type antennas. Microstrip patch antennas with regular ground plane and electromagnetic band gap (EBG) studied attached two differently sized plates. Analysis is based finite element method (FEM) simulations practical read-range measurements.

Passive UHF RFID tag consists of a microchip attached directly to an antenna. Proper impedance match between the antenna and chip is crucial in design. It influences system performance characteristics such as range tag. known that nonlinear load whose complex each state varies with frequency input power. This paper illustrates proper calculation power reflection coefficient for maximum transfer by taking into account changing versus frequency.

Electro-textiles feature excellent radio frequency (RF) performance. They have an enormous potential to be widely accepted in body-centric sensing systems as wearable antenna materials. However, the RF community lacks comprehensive knowledge of electro-textile fundamental characteristics. This paper provides critical design parameters for identification (RFID) ultra-high-frequency (UHF) patch antennas. For first time, modeling embroidered ground plane and structures are established verified....

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a wireless strain sensor for measuring large strains. based on passive ultra high‐frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and it can be embedded into variety structures. Design/methodology/approach Silver ink conductors RFID tags were printed by the screen printing method stretchable polyvinyl chloride fabric substrates. development strain‐sensitive tag was behavior selected antenna substrate materials. Performance effect...

Localization, wireless monitoring, and emerging body-centric systems demand low-cost low-power devices that are efficient, maintenance-free, comfortable to wear. Patch-type UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas realized using electro-textiles promising candidates for this purpose. In letter, we design a patch-type antenna operating at 900 MHz investigate how different types of ground planes affect the performance. Various conductive fabrics embroidery structures considered....

The design of antennas for metal-mountable radio-frequency identification tags is driven by a unique set challenges: cheap, small, low-profile, and conformal structures need to provide reliable operation when are mounted on conductive platforms various shapes sizes. During the past decade, tremendous amount research has been dedicated meeting these stringent requirements. Currently, tag-reading ranges several meters achieved with flexible-label types tags. Moreover, whole spectrum tag-size...

The design of a novel chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, which is inkjet-printed on polyimide substrate, presented. It shown that silver nanoparticles-based ink can be combined with resistive organic to create tag having "near-transparent" configuration. By adding some transparent elements, we obtain various electromagnetic responses for tags visually similar. composed three dual-rhombic loop resonators total size 7 × 4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

In this paper, we present a new approach to realize flexible transparent strain sensors. It combines the use of conductive fabric with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) through simple and straightforward layer-by-layer assembly process. The is used electrodes while PDMS utilized as both substrate encapsulation layers. As concept demonstration, an interdigital capacitive sensor designed fabricated using proposed approach. then characterized in terms its transparency electro-mechanical nature. This...

We present our study on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-embedded conductive fabric, which we propose as a simple yet effective solution to the challenging issue of poor PDMS-metal adhesion, allowing for relatively easy realization robust flexible antennas wearable applications. The method combines use fabric radiator with PDMS, acts substrate and protective encapsulation simultaneously. For first time, holistic mechanical electrical properties proposed combination materials is presented...

The paper presents the effects on antenna parameters when an is placed horizontally near a metal plate. plate has finite size and rectangular shape. A folded dipole used it symmetrically above FEM (finite element method) to simulate dependency of distance between antenna. presence plate, even small one if at right distance, causes very big changes in behaviour bigger especially width, sharper narrower are lobes radiation pattern. height defines how many pattern has. number parameters,...

In this study, the effect of conductive ink layer thickness on performance printed ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas was investigated. A simple quarter wave dipole for European UHF RFID frequencies designed to be tested in study. All tags were made by using screen-printing technique. Three different thicknesses used. Performance analyzed measurement threshold and backscatter power. The results show that it is possible produce screen printing...

This paper presents a printable humidity sensor for RFID systems at UHF frequencies. The is printed onto Kapton HN polyimide substrate using silver ink. measures capacitively through the permittivity change in polyimide. actual measurement result acquired from tag threshold power sweep performed by reader device. operation principle explained and simulation results are shown. Simulation predict good performance thus ready prototype stage.

In this letter, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader antenna designed for near-field and far-field operation at the European ultrahigh (UHF) band is presented. Segmented loop technique implemented operation, whereas patch included inside operation. The fabricated works from 864 to 873 MHz with reflection coefficient less than 10 dB, thus covering UHF RFID band. Its linearly polarized radiation pattern provides 4-dBi gain. reading capabilities of are up 9 cm 6 m applications, respectively.

A possible method of utilizing paraffin wax as a substrate material in developing threshold heat sensing radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is discussed. small narrowband passive UHF RFID made on top multilayer substrate. Paraffin acts the main sensitive layer The properties and characteristics change due to heat. designed be enough detect any structural physical changes material. will cause shift operating tag. This reduce performance sensor after being exposed irreversible under...

Embroidered tag antennas can be used in on-body applications, such as access control, human monitoring, and sensor antennas. The objective of this letter is to investigate the performance dipole-type sewed with different thread densities two sewing patterns. This shows that improves if pattern consists lines along direction current flow antenna. simple dipole, which length achieved up 7.5 m read range free space, comparable corresponding copper dipole.

(Radio frequency identification) RFID tags integrated into clothing enable monitoring of people without their conscious effort. This requires to be an unnoticeable part and comfortable wear. In this study, antennas were screen printed on two different fabrics, six coating materials for the (integrated circuits) ICs applied, reliability these was tested with moisture laundry tests. Generally, glue-type easier handle could spread precisely. All operational immediately after coatings five seen...