ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates in a vacuole termed the inclusion. Many of interactions chlamydiae with host cell are dependent upon bacterial protein synthesis and presumably exposure these proteins to cytosol. Because dearth genetic tools for chlamydiae, previous studies examining secreted required use heterologous systems. Recent advances manipulation chlamydia now allow transformation bacteria plasmids. We describe here shuttle vector...

The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family has been implicated in immune regulation, but the mechanisms by which IAP proteins contribute to immunity are incompletely understood. We show here that X-linked (XIAP) is required for innate control Listeria monocytogenes infection. Mice deficient XIAP had a higher bacterial burden 48 h after infection than wild-type littermates, and exhibited substantially decreased survival. enhanced NF-κB activation upon L. activated macrophages, prolonged...

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates in a membrane-bound vacuole termed the inclusion. Early infection cycle, extensively modifies inclusion membrane through incorporation of numerous type III secreted effector proteins, called proteins (Incs). These are characterized by bilobed hydrophobic domain 40 amino acids. The presence this has been used to predict up 59 putative Incs for C. trachomatis; however, localization with specific antibodies demonstrated...

In the past two decades, virtual reality (VR) technology has found use in a variety of clinical settings including pain management, physical medicine and rehabilitation, psychiatry, neurology. However, little is known about utility VR palliative care setting. Moreover, previous investigations have not explored user perceptions experience this population. Understanding intervention will be critical for development delivery effective therapies. To examine patients, pilot study was conducted...

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen that the etiological agent of a variety human diseases, including blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydiae replicate within membrane-bound compartment, termed inclusion, which they extensively modify by insertion type III secreted proteins called Inc proteins. IncA inclusion membrane protein encodes two coiled-coil domains are homologous to eukaryotic SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor...

Few discussions regarding instructional methods incite as much passion the debate over dissection versus prosection. Despite numerous analyses, few studies have isolated impact of prosection from variables that are involved in anatomy education. This study used a retrospective design to assess effect peer teaching with or on anatomical knowledge retention teachers. Exam scores were analyzed three cohorts students (N = 184) who enrolled Musculoskeletal System course an allopathic medical...

Successful residency placement requires medical students to pursue activities beyond formal education, including showing their commitment the specialty. Case reports are a common publication pursued by students, which provide trainees with opportunities show specialty, broaden clinical and scholarly knowledge, improve ability find interpret literature, gain faculty mentorship. However, case can be intimidating limited exposure writing publishing. The authors describe report elective designed...

Acute changes in electrolyte levels can result severe physiologic complications. Rapid treatment of abnormally elevated potassium is essential due to the increased risk potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias. However, there are a number circumstances that lead falsely serum levels, including fist clenching during phlebotomy and hemolysis hematocytes laboratory processing. Here we present case an elderly woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who presented lower left quadrant pain...

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many academic institutions had rapidly transition education a remote online environment. While hurdle for most educators, this posed an even greater challenge anatomy of whom were forced depart from traditional cadaver-based laboratory virtual format. Recent publications have discussed rapid formats necessitated by and accompanying difficulties, but none identified specific factors that influenced difficulty transition. Anatomy educators surveyed examine how was...

Mitochondria are critical cellular organelles that perform a wide variety of functions, including energy production and immune regulation. To these mitochondria contain approximately 1,500 proteins, the majority which encoded in nuclear genome, translated cytoplasm, translocated to using distinct mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTS). Bacterial proteins can also MTS localize mitochondria. For obligate intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, interaction with various host cell...

Vertebral osteomyelitis is an infection of the vertebrae that can lead to spinal degeneration, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus . Here, we report unusual case pyogenic Gardnerella vaginalis and Streptococcus parasanguinis in a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman. The patient presented with 2-week history worsening lower back pain fever recent episode cystitis following re-engagement sexual activity. Imaging revealed deterioration discs canal stenosis at L3-L4 levels formation...

We have reported a new innate-like CD4 T cell population that expresses surface makers of effector/memory cells and produce Th1 Th2 cytokines immediately upon activation. Unlike conventional are selected by thymic epithelial cells, these named T-CD4 MHC class II expressing thymocytes. Previously, we showed the presence protected mice from airway inflammation suggesting an immune regulatory role cells. To further understand function investigated responses mediated during bacterial infection...

Abstract The majority of hanging deaths are relatively straightforward when opining the manner death, typically determined to be suicide. However, there rare that require forensic pathologist seek additional information. Forensic pathologists commonly consider an accidental death scene includes evidence solitary sexual activity consistent with autoerotic asphyxia. Here, authors present a case initially apparent suicidal where important details photographed by medical examiner investigator...

A 21-year-old young man with no history of diabetes or thyroid disease presented to the emergency department simultaneous storm and diabetic ketoacidosis. Notable findings on admission were a ventricular rate 235 beats/min, tachypnoea, tremors, polydipsia lack fever. Due unusual constellation symptoms, diagnosis was only possible after initial laboratory results came back. While fever is in storm, ketoacidosis has previously been reported suppress fever, this case supports occurrence...

Abstract The majority of opioid‐related deaths are accidental. However, the number suicidal is likely under recognized. Presented here a case suicide by heroin overdose. manner death would have been deemed accidental if not for critical information shared decedent’s family during follow‐up telephone interviews between forensic pathologist and family, which included text messages that were sent decedent just before his known at time initial medicolegal scene investigation. This highlights...