Striking features of the cellular response to sciatic nerve injury are proliferation Schwann cells in distal stump and downregulation myelin-specific gene expression. Once axons regrow, differentiate again reform myelin sheaths. We have isolated a rat cDNA, SR13, which is strongly downregulated initial phase after injury. This cDNA encodes glycoprotein that shares striking amino acid similarity with purified protein specifically precipitated by antiserum. Immunohistochemistry experiments...

Using a number of complementary anatomical and molecular techniques, we studied the effects chronic constriction injury (CCI), model partial nerve that elicits behavioral hyperalgesia, on primary sensory neurons in rat. Dorsal root ganglia taken from animals with CCI were analyzed for alterations mRNA levels encoding growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin (GAL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). We...

The tumour microenvironment is believed to be involved in development, growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance of many cancers. Here we show survivin, a member the inhibitor apoptosis protein (IAP) family, implicated inhibition regulation mitosis cancer cells, exists novel extracellular pool cells. Furthermore, have constructed stable cell lines that provide with either wild-type survivin (Surv-WT) or previously described dominant-negative mutant (Surv-T34A), which has proven...

An urgent need exists for graduate and professional schools to establish evidence-based STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) pipeline programs increase the diversity of biomedical workforce. untapped yet promising pool willing participants are capable high school students that have a strong interest but may lack skills guided mentoring needed succeed in competitive fields. This study evaluates compares impact Loma Linda University (LLU) Summer Health Disparities Research Program on...

Palmitic acid (PA) and other saturated fatty acids are known to stimulate pro-inflammatory responses in human immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for stimulation of TLR4 remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PA functions as a ligand on monocyte derived dendritic (MoDCs). Hydrophobicity protein modeling indicated can associate with hydrophobic binding pocket adaptor MD-2. Isothermal titration calorimetry quantified heat absorption...

Alteration in mRNA expression dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons encoding 5 neuropeptides was quantitatively compared normal rats and those neonatally treated with capsaicin, a selective neurotoxin which destroys subpopulation of DRG unmyelinated axons. Adult received unilateral transection the sciatic nerve were killed 7 days later. Oligonucleotide probes specific for genes neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL), somatostatin (SOM), calcitonin...

Abstract Apoptotic cell death has been proposed to play a role in the neuronal loss observed following traumatic injury CNS and PNS. The present study uses an vitro tissue culture model investigate whether free fatty acids (FFAs), at concentrations comparable those found brain injury, trigger death. Nerve growth factor (NGF)‐differentiated PC12 cells exposed oleic arachidonic (2 : 1 ratio FFA/BSA) showed normal survival. However, when were stearic palmitic acids, there was dramatic of...

Abstract Background Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and high mortality, particularly among African American men when compared other racial/ethnic groups. It generally accepted that docetaxel, the standard of care for HRPC, primarily exerts tumor cell death inducing mitotic catastrophe caspase-dependent apoptosis following inhibition microtubule depolymerization. However, there a gap in our knowledge mechanistic events underlying...

Chronic neuropathic pain is a frequent comorbidity following spinal cord injury (SCI) and often fails to respond conventional management strategies. Preventive administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or the consumption diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3PUFAs) confers potent prophylaxis against SCI improves functional recovery. The present study examines whether this novel dietary strategy provides significant antinociceptive benefits rats experiencing SCI-induced pain....

Around 285 million people worldwide currently have type 2 diabetes and it is projected that this number will be surpassed by 2030. Therefore, of the utmost importance to enhance our comprehension disease's development. The regulation diet, obesity, inflammation in believed play a crucial role enhancing insulin sensitivity reducing risk onset diabetes. Obesity leads an increase visceral adipose tissue, which prominent site Dyslipidemia, on other hand, plays significant attracting activated...

Abstract The distribution of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell sizes that show changes in preprotachykinin (PPT) gene expression and substance P (SP) levels following axotomy was examined using RNA blot analysis, situ hybridization histochemistry, immunocytochemistry. PPT mRNA induced medium‐sized (1,000–2,000 μm 2 ) large‐sized (>2,000 cells the DRG after axotomy. There a 165% increase number labeled sciatic transection 260% spinal nerve which results all ganglion. further suggests...

Abstract BACKGROUND The peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are emerging as regulators of antioxidant defense, apoptosis, and therapy resistance in cancer. Because their significance prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear, we investigated expression clinical associations PCa. METHODS Transcript PRDX1–6 PCa was evaluated gene microarray datasets, whereas protein by immunoblotting cell lines, immunohistochemistry (IHC) tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing tumor (n = 80) control 17) tissues. PRDX3 also analyzed...

Oxidative stress-modulated signaling pathways have been implicated in carcinogenesis and therapy resistance. The lens epithelium derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) is a transcription co-activator that promotes resistance to stress-induced cell death. This protein has inflammatory autoimmune conditions, HIV-AIDS, cancer. Although LEDGF/p75 emerging as stress survival oncoprotein, there scarce information on its expression human tumors. present study was performed evaluate comprehensive...

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed to improve chronic neuroinflammatory diseases in peripheral and central nervous systems. For instance, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) protects nerve cells from noxious stimuli vitro vivo. Recent reports link PUFA supplementation improving painful diabetic neuropathy (pDN) symptoms, but cellular mechanisms responsible for this therapeutic effect are not well understood. The objective of study is identify distinct pathways elicited by...

Abstract Mammalian peripheral nerve fibres can regenerate after injury. In an attempt toward a better understanding of the underlying molecular events, we have isolated novel and known rat cDNA sequences, expression which are regulated during sciatic regeneration. For this purpose, libraries were constructed from either segment distal to crush site or corresponding contralateral uninjured same animals. These screened by differential hybridization several transcriptionally repressed induced...

Abstract Epidermal fatty acid‐binding protein (E‐FABP), a member of the family FABPs, exhibits robust expression in neurons during axonal growth development and nerve regeneration following injury. This study examines impact E‐FABP normal neurite extension differentiating pheochromocytoma cell (PC12) cultures supplemented with selected long chain free acids (LCFFA). We found that binds to broad range saturated unsaturated LCFFAs, including those potential interest for neuronal...

Lipotoxicity involves a series of pathological cellular responses after exposure to elevated levels fatty acids. This process may be detrimental normal homeostasis and cell viability. The present study shows that nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells (NGFDPC12) rat cortical (RCC) exposed high palmitic acid (PA) exhibit significant lipotoxicity death linked an "augmented state oxidative stress" (ASCOS). ASCOS response includes generation reactive oxygen species (ROS), alterations in...

Currently, few interventions have been shown to successfully limit the progression of secondary damage events associated with acute phase spinal cord injury (SCI). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) is neuroprotective when administered following SCI, but its potential as a pretreatment modality has not addressed. This study used novel DHA experimental paradigm that targets cellular and molecular during first week after SCI in rats. We found reduced functional deficits injury, by...

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) confer multiple health benefits and decrease the risk of neurological disorders. Studies are needed, however, to identify promising cellular targets assess their prophylactic value against neurodegeneration. The present study (1) examined efficacy a preventive diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs reduce dysfunction in well-established spinal cord injury (SCI) animal model (2) used novel metabolomics data analysis potential neurolipidomic targets. Rats...

Abstract Mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin contains several glycoproteins with molecular weights of 19 to 28 kDa, including the major kDa P0 glycoprotein and a recently cloned protein called PMP22. Some in this M r range humans, cats some other mammals react HNK1, mouse monoclonal antibody that identifies carbohydrate epitope shared between immune number adhesion proteins system. A variety antibodies PO, PMP‐22, determinants reacting HNK1 were used characterize...

Peripheral nerve trauma induces the expression of genes presumed to be involved in process degeneration and repair. In present study, an vivo paradigm was employed identify molecules which may have important roles these processes. A cDNA library constructed with RNA extracted from rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) 3 days after a sciatic crush. After differential hybridization this library, several cDNAs were identified that encoded mRNAs upregulated DRG ipsilateral crush injury, as opposed...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects a culturally sensitive diabetes education program for Hispanics with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract The lens epithelium–derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75) is a transcription coactivator that promotes resistance to oxidative stress- and chemotherapy-induced cell death. LEDGF/p75 also known as the dense fine speckles autoantigen of 70 kDa (DFS70) has been implicated in cancer, HIV-AIDS, autoimmunity, inflammation. To gain insights into mechanisms by which protects cancer cells against stress, we initiated an analysis its interactions with other factors influence these on stress...