This paper surveys recently proposed works on Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in WSNs, and presents a comprehensive classification of various IDS approaches according to their employed detection techniques. The three main categories explored this are anomaly detection, misuse specification-based protocols. We give description existing security attacks WSNs the corresponding protocols tackle those attacks. analyze with respect network structure WSNs. In addition, we highlight critical...

Packet communication systems cannot, in general, guarantee accurate and prompt delivery of every packet. The effect network congestion transmission impairments on data packets is extended delay; voice communications these problems lead to lost packets. When some speech are not available, the simplest response a receiving terminal substitute silence for missing speech. Here, we explore techniques replacing with wave-form segments from correctly received order increase maximum tolerable packet...

The emergence of personal mobile device with low cost sensors, such as accelerometer and digital compass, has made dead-reckoning (DR) an attractive choice for indoor pedestrian tracking. In this paper, we propose a robust DR tracking system on top commercially accessible sensor sets capable DR. proposed method exploits the fact that, multiple systems, carried by same pedestrian, have stable relative displacements respect to center motion, therefore each other. We first formulate task...

In this paper, we propose a fingerprint-based localization scheme that exploits the location dependency of channel impulse response (CIR). We approximate CIR by applying inverse Fourier transform to receiver's estimation. The amplitudes approximated (ACIR) vector are further transformed into logarithmic scale ensure elements in ACIR contribute fairly estimation, which is accomplished through nonparametric kernel regression. As shown our simulations, when both number access points and density...

The teletraffic performance of a highway microcellular digital mobile radio system having an oversailing macrocell that spans many microcells is presented. cluster composed concatenated segments the where each segment microcell, typically 500-2000 m in length, with base stations located at lamp-post elevations. A narrowband time-division-multiple-access arrangement supporting ten channels per carrier and one station used. analysis assumes there are n-up n-down lanes, vehicular speeds conform...

Human motion capture technologies have been widely used in a wide spectrum of applications, including interactive game and learning, animation, film special effects, health care, navigation, so on. The existing human techniques, which use structured multiple high-resolution cameras dedicated studio, are complicated expensive. With the rapid development microsensors-on-chip, using wearable microsensors has become an active research topic. Because agility movement, upper-limb estimation...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Energy awareness is a crucial component in the design of wireless sensor networks at all layers. This paper looks into efficient energy utilization target-tracking network by predicting target's trajectory through experience. While this not new, chief novelty comes conserving both dynamic spatial and temporal management sensors while assuming minimal locality information. We adapted our target...

In this paper, we consider medium access control (MAC) protocol design for random-access cognitive radio (CR) networks. A two-level opportunistic spectrum strategy is proposed to optimize the system performance of secondary network and adequately protect operation primary network. At first level, users (SUs) maintain a sufficient detection probability avoid interference with (PUs), sensing time optimized total traffic rate allowed random when channel detected be available. second two MAC...

In this paper, we consider the medium access control (MAC) protocol design for random cognitive radio network (CRN). Based on asynchronous spectrum sensing technique and RTS/CTS mechanism, a new MAC protocol, namely, cognitive-radio-based carrier sense with collision avoidance (CR-CSMA/CA) is proposed to coordinate channel of secondary as well protect operation primary network, which applies both single multiple models. Using G/G/1 queuing model consideration unsaturated saturated condition,...

An ordered dynamic channel assignment with reassignment (ODCAR) scheme is proposed, and its performance studied in a highway microcellular radio environment. Channels are assigned an basis conjunction minimax algorithm under cochannel interference constraints, to provide high capacity alleviate worst case congestion each microcell. Simulation results show significant improvements terms of utilization probability call failure, at the expense increase complexity switching requirements.< <ETX...

In this paper, we consider the cooperative spectrum sensing problem for a cognitive radio (CR) mesh network, where secondary users (SUs) are allowed to share band which is originally allocated primary users' (PUs) network. We propose two new strategies, called amplify-and-relay (AR) and detect-and-relay (DR), aiming at improving detection performance with help of other eligible SUs so as agilely vacate channel network when neighboring PUs switch active state. AR DR strategies periodically...

This paper proposes a novel self-contained pedestrian tracking method using foot-mounted inertial and magnetic sensor module, which not only uses the traditional zero velocity updates, but also applies stride information to further correct acceleration double integration drifts thus improves accuracy. In our method, control variable is designed in process model, set average derived from swing (nonzero velocity) phases or stance (zero-velocity) phases. Stride-based position as...

The platoon control for vehicles can efficiently reduce traffic pressure. Current schemes are able to achieve stable control, but cannot guarantee collision avoidance, connectivity preservation and convergence time at the same time. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme that simultaneously safe distance communication connectivity, which is called flexible constraint, also specified A dynamic gain based distributed law first designed vehicle with single-integral model. Using prescribed...

The authors propose an ‘integrated packet reservation multiple access’ (IPRMA) protocol for transmitting both speech and data information. While users are allowed contend slots on a frame-by-frame basis, may reserve across frame to increase throughput. includes priority mechanism which ensures that have greater access idle since packets more demanding delay constraint. proposed scheme is shown provide equitable channel resources types of yielding improvements in overall system performance...

The author examines the performance of a packet reservation multiple access (PRMA) protocol in metropolitan microcellular radio environment using computer simulations. Call characteristics, mobility, and channel conditions have an impact on PRMA which is measured terms average dropping rate per call. In order to maintain reasonable level service quality for calls progress, teletraffic loading can be controlled by introducing call setup queue limiting number active subscribers. mobility found...

An electron microscope study of the corpus callosum in postnatal rats various ages was carried out to elucidate fate amoeboid microglial cells. The cells present younger (3-5 days) were round and showed an eccentric nucleus with marginal chromatin. They displayed numerous lysosomal granules vacuoles cytoplasm. In older animals, i. e., from 7 days onwards some became oval so that by 15-20 age most elongated branched. latter, a flattened or angular dense chromatin clumps. cytoplasm fewer which...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging new technology to enable communications among vehicles and nearby roadside infrastructures provide intelligent transportation applications. In order stable connections between vehicles, a reliable routing protocol needed. Currently, there are several protocols designed for MANETs could be applied VANETs. However, due the unique characteristics of VANETs, results not encouraging. this paper, we propose named AODV-VANET, which incorporates...

Existing approaches to indoor tracking have various limitations. Location-fingerprinting are labor intensive and vulnerable environmental changes. Trilateration require at least three line-of-sight beacons for coverage any point in the service area, which results heavy infrastructure cost. Dead reckoning (DR) rely on knowledge of initial location suffer from error accumulation. Despite this, we adopt DR because recent emergence affordable hand-held devices equipped with low-cost DR-enabling...

Step counting-based dead-reckoning has been widely accepted as a cheap and effective solution for indoor pedestrian tracking using hand-held device equipped with motion sensors. To compensate the accumulating error in system, extra techniques are always fused together to form hybrid system. In this paper, we first propose map matching (MM) enhanced particle filter (PF) robust localization solution, which MM utilizes corridor information calibrate step direction estimation PF is applied out...

We develop a new location spoofing detection algorithm for geo-spatial tagging and location-based services in the Internet of Things (IoT), called enhanced using audibility (ELSA), which can be implemented at backend server without modifying existing legacy IoT systems. ELSA is based on statistical decision theory framework uses two-way time-of-arrival (TW-TOA) information between user's device anchors. In addition to TW-TOA information, exploits implicit (or outage information) improve...

Indoor positioning plays an important role in a variety of applications under Internet Things (IoT). Conventional WiFi fingerprinting-based indoor systems (IPSs) usually require extensive manual calibrations to construct radio maps. This process severely limits the system scalability and adaptiveness. Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is popular method that can avoid calibration process. However, PDR-based IPSs typically suffer from accumulated errors. To tackle this problem, many refinement...