The nonlinear characteristics of inductors, especially those with soft magnetic powder cores, are often perceived as undesirable and should be typically either avoided or mitigated. However, this paper presents an innovative method to take advantage the behavior inductors in interleaved DC-DC converters. By analyzing total current shape after interleaving, a novel single-sensor balancing is proposed, which realized by using peak sampling exploiting inductor's nonlinearity. proposed not only...

This paper proposes a new energy storage system (ESS) design, including both batteries and ultracapacitors (UCs) in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The conventional designs require DC-DC converter to interface the UC unit. Herein, can be directly switched across motor drive DC link during peak power demands. resulting wide voltage variation due transfer is addressed by simple modulator that introduced this paper, so performance not disrupted. Based on methodology, further...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Asymmetrical cascade multilevel inverters offer a high number of voltage levels with given switch count. For topology, the depends on configuration dc (ratios). This paper deals design and control such converters noninteger ratio, which leads to unevenly distributed space vectors. It describes how select ratio configurations that yield vectors as evenly possible. produce an effective PWM...

Deadbeat predictive current regulator features fast dynamic responses. However, it suffers from the steady-state tracking error in a practical system due to plant uncertainties, particularly inductances. Instead of using observer-based disturbance voltage feedforward methods, this article proposes new closed-form method directly compensate errors with simple term added commands. Zero is achieved negligible computation compared methods. The first derived tackle inductance mismatch...

Voltage and current balance are essential in an interleaved three-level dc–dc converter. In this article, a simultaneous voltage self-balance mechanism based on near-critical conduction mode (CRM) for converter is discovered, which can realize balancing automatically without sensors. First, the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) resonance transition generated by near-CRM analyzed detail. Second, actual equivalent duty cycle formulated to disclose its relationship unbalanced capacitor voltages...

This paper introduces a new set of methods to directly integrate ultracapacitor banks into cascaded multilevel inverters that are used for large vehicle propulsion. The idea is replace the regular dc-link capacitors with ultracapacitors in order combine energy storage unit and motor drive. approach eliminates need an interfacing dc-dc converter considerably improves efficiency regenerative braking restoration vehicles using converters. Utilizing proposed modulation control set, two can have...

The effectiveness of a battery management system (BMS) in Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) is significantly dependent on the accuracy sensors. However, owing to highly nonlinear nature LIBs, detecting small uncertainties sensor measurements, which can lead high estimation errors, poses remarkable challenge. Moreover, conventional BMS, uncertainty detection and state are treated separately greatly reduces its effectiveness. Hence, this paper presents an integrated framework for fast bias ensure...

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control enables grid-connected power electronic converters to retain the inertia support and frequency stability features of traditional generators in grids. The coupling VSG remains a major issue, where reactive deviates from commands. Numerous existing decoupling methods essentially focus on applying virtual impedances different ways alter equivalent line impedance ratio. These are less effective under varying operating points. To address problem,...

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the 5-phase induction motor driven by voltage-source inverter drives and particularly its steady-state performance evaluation. The various modulation methods are analyzed with insightful look into their harmonic content torque ripple. Three separate proposed to reduce ripple for low, middle high index regions while eliminating or controlling non-torque-producing harmonics within current machine rating. A complete set simulations carried out...

This paper introduces new controls for the cascaded multilevel power converter. converter is also sometimes referred to as a ldquohybrid converterrdquo since it splits high-voltage/low-frequency and low-voltage/pulsewidth-modulation (PWM)-frequency production between ldquobulkrdquo ldquoconditioningrdquo converters respectively. Cascaded achieve higher quality with given switch count when compared traditional converters. particularly favorable option high performance applications such naval...

This paper studies the high power density bidirectional dc-dc converter with interleaving, soft-switching, and near critical conduction mode (near-CRM) operation. Systematic design control methods are proposed to enhance effectiveness of passive currents balancing between multiple interleaved phases without using individual phase current feedbacks. first analyzes zero voltage turn-on operation, including turn-off energy diversion by added snubber capacitor resonance models. Second, intrinsic...

When multiple virtual synchronous generators (VSG)s operate in parallel an islanded microgrid, the sudden load power change could lead to significant transient circulating (and oscillating) power. In this paper, is first analyzed with two-VSGs small signal model. On basis, paper defines parameter design principles that theoretically eliminate all Due line impedances uncertainty practice, ideal not always available. Then, suppress remaining power, enhanced VSG (EVSG) control strategy further...

Voltage balance of series capacitors is crucial for multilevel converters. In this article, a new voltage self-balance mechanism based on zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-level dc-dc converter proposed. First, the near-CRM (critical conduction mode) to realize ZVS and its resonance transition are analyzed in detail. Then, times at peak valley currents analytically expressed, it discovered that additional duty cycles induced by resonant transitions between switch parasitic inductor....

In this paper an effective direct torque control (DTC) for a 5-phase induction motor with sinusoidally distributed windings is developed. First by coordinate transformation, the converter/motor models are represented two independent equivalent d-q circuit models; and VSI input decoupled into producing non-torque harmonics sets. Then production component of model, space vector modulation (SVM) can be applied to five-phase DTC control, resulting in considerable ripple reduction over lookup...

By introducing the concept of "data coupling" into existing hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), several distributed subsystems are now able to be coupled together constitute an Internet-Distributed Vehicle-in-the-Loop (ID-VIL) simulation platform. These include: cloud server (Cloud) which acts as central control node, Electric Vehicle (EV) serves (VIL), and HIL platforms engine (EIL) battery (BIL). The proposed ID-VIL configuration makes it possible that EV does...

The accessibility of healthcare system is vulnerable to various types hazards, where the failure one component may lead a diffusion pressure and result in cascading failures. This study proposes network-based simulation framework for robustness assessment access through integrating mechanism. Weighted complex networks are constructed model accessible patient transfer under both general elderly scenarios. cascade mechanism incorporated into networks, several attack strategies (including...

This work presents an adaptive proportional integral derivative control-based observer for enhanced state estimation of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to resolve the issues slow convergence, and sensitivity nonlinearities in conventional observers-based methods. Control methods are getting huge appreciation already controller-packed battery energy storage systems electric vehicles due their low computational complexity high reliability which two most desirable characteristics any online...

LCL filters have been widely used as the interface between inverters and power grids, but damping methods must be taken to solve resonance of filters. Considering overcurrent protection inherent active damping, this paper focuses on inverter-side current feedback (ICF) control. Some literatures proposed that capacitor voltage feedforward (CVF) is beneficial stability ICF However, in practical applications, it found control with CVF mainly faces two problems. Firstly, can seen a positive...

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Control observer-based estimation methods are getting a very rapid appreciation due to their better reliability, stability and ease of implementation in already controller-packed electric vehicles energy storage systems. As careful sensitivity analysis is the one vital tool enhance accuracy robustness lithium-ion battery’s states estimation, an experimental proposed efficiency battery parameter non-linear control...

The hybrid inverter fed motor drive with two cascaded multilevel inverters is an attractive option for high performance power applications such as naval ship propulsion systems due to a number of unique features. There natural split between higher-voltage lower-frequency "bulk" and lower-voltage higher-frequency "conditioning" in the system which matches availability semiconductor devices. Furthermore, bulk may be commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) meaning that only conditioning needs custom...

Both the spectral analysis and closed‐form root‐mean‐square (RMS) equations are widely used to determine three‐phase inverter dc‐link current for capacitor rating proposed. However, analytical models of currents have rarely been reported applications like active power filter, where ac mostly low‐order harmonics (LOHs). This paper first derived expressions each LOH current, in order compute losses frequencies. Then, it is shown that derivation switching harmonic (SHC) RMS equation very much...

Convectional optimal pulsewidth modulation (PWM) current ripple reduction methods divide the vector space sectors into subsectors, where reference is synthesized with a theoretically sequence. However, extra CPLD/FPGA needed for lookup table and PWM signal generation alternative sequences. Moreover, when swapping in between sequences, switching losses are introduced, which particularly significant low sample ratio operations. This article starts an intuitive perspective on sequence...

The reliability, lower computational complexity, and ease of implementation control observers make them one the most promising methods for state estimation Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in commercial applications. To pave their way, this study performs a comprehensive systematic evaluation four main categories observer-based different practical scenarios considering accuracy, time convergence speed, stability, robustness against measurement uncertainties. Observers are designed using second-order...