A5018118021- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Disaster Response and Management
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Water resources management and optimization
- Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Water Systems and Optimization
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Food Safety and Hygiene
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
- Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Homelessness and Social Issues
Tufts University
2015-2024
SatCon Technology Corporation (United States)
2024
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
2021
Medford Radiology Group
2020
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2007-2017
Harvard University
2012-2015
Innovations for Poverty Action
2015
Boston University
2014
Waterborne Environmental (United States)
2014
Epidemic Intelligence Service
2014
Household water treatment (HWTS) methods, such as boiling or chlorination, have long been recommended in emergencies. While there is increasing evidence of HWTS efficacy the development context, effectiveness acute emergency context has not rigorously assessed. We investigated response to four emergencies by surveying 1521 targeted households and testing stored for free chlorine residual fecal indicators. defined "effective use" percentage population with contaminated household who used...
In drinking water catchments, reduction of pathogen loads delivered to reservoirs is an important priority for the management raw source quality. To assist with evaluation options, a process-based mathematical model (pathogen catchment budgets - PCB) developed predict Cryptosporidium, Giardia and E. coli generated within exported from catchments. The quantifies key processes affecting generation transport microorganisms humans animals using land use flow data, specific information including...
Large epidemics frequently emerge in conflict-affected states. We examined the cholera response during humanitarian crisis Yemen to inform control strategies.
Initial recommendations for surface disinfection to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission were developed using previous evidence from potential surrogates. To the best of our knowledge, no appropriate surrogate has been identified or confirmed chlorine and antimicrobial disinfection. We completed a study evaluate efficacy two hypothesized surfaces, four solutions on nonporous porous against three surrogates [coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) bacteriophages Phi6 MS2], identify BSL-1 BSL-2 use...
Point‐of‐use (POU) water treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been proven to reduce diarrheal disease in developing countries. However, program implementation is complicated by unclear free chlorine residual guidelines for POU and difficulties determining appropriate dosage recommendations. The author presents evidence supporting proposed criteria household residuals of < 2.0 mg/L 1 h after NaOCl addition > 0.2 24 storage. In testing 106 drinking sources from 13 countries,...
Locally produced ceramic water filters (CWF) are an effective technology to treat pathogen-contaminated drinking at the household level. CWF manufacturers apply silver during production, although type and concentration vary evidence-based application guidelines have not been established. We evaluated effects of three concentrations two species on effluent concentration, E. coli removal, viable bacteria retained surface contained in pores disks manufactured with clay imported from factories...
Application of silver nanoparticles (nAg) or nitrate (AgNO3) has been shown to improve the microbiological efficacy ceramic water filters used for household treatment. Silver release, however, can lead undesirable health effects and reduced filter effectiveness over time. The objectives this study were evaluate contribution nanoparticle detachment, dissolution, cation exchange elution, estimate retention under different influent chemistries. Dissolved (Ag+) nAg release from disks painted...
To prevent Ebola transmission, frequent handwashing is recommended in Treatment Units and communities. However, little known about which protocol most efficacious. We evaluated six protocols (soap water, alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS), 0.05% sodium dichloroisocyanurate, high-test hypochlorite, stabilized non-stabilized hypochlorite solutions) for 1) efficacy of on the removal inactivation non-pathogenic model organisms and, 2) persistence rinse water. Model E. coli bacteriophage Phi6...
Locally produced ceramic pot filters have been shown to improve the microbiological quality of household drinking water and reduce burden diarrheal disease in users. They are considered one most promising treatment methods. However, overarching manufacturing control guidelines do not exist for 35 decentralized filter factories 18 countries that currently produce filters. In this study, we conducted process surveys with 25 worldwide document production methods identify areas where needed. Our...
The 2014 West African Ebola virus disease outbreak was the largest to date, and conflicting, chlorine-based surface disinfection protocols interrupt transmission were recommended. We identified only one study documenting efficacy against virus, showing a >6.6 log reduction after 5-minute exposure 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) based on small-scale tests (Cook et al. (2015)). In preparation for future extensive, large-scale experiments, we replicated Cook experiment using four potential...
Household water treatment with chlorine can improve the microbiological quality of household and reduce diarrheal disease. We conducted laboratory field studies to inform dosage recommendations. In laboratory, reactors varying turbidity (10-300 NTU) total organic carbon (0-25 mg/L addition) were created, spiked Escherichia coli, dosed 3.75 sodium hypochlorite. All had >4 log reduction E. coli 24 hours after addition. field, we tested 158 sources in 22 countries for demand. A 1.88 from...
Background Cholera outbreaks are surging worldwide. Growing research supports case-area targeted interventions (CATIs), whereby teams provide a package of to case and neighboring households, as an effective strategy in cholera outbreak control, particularly humanitarian settings. While exists on individual CATI interventions, gaps exist outcomes integrated during responses. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted prospective observational cohort study CATIs the 2021 Northeast Nigeria....
While standard methods for chlorine taste and odor (T&O) detection rejection thresholds exist, little rigorous research has been conducted on T&O in humanitarian settings. To fill this gap, we estimated using the Forced-Choice Triangle Test (FCT) Flavor Rating Assessment (FRA) a Ugandan refugee settlement. We these tests with 410 male female participants, aged 5–72 years, piped trucked surface water bottled water. also 30 focus group discussions 37 surveys data collectors. Median...
Unprecedented global population displacement in recent years has increased the burden of waterborne illnesses refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) settlements. Unlike contexts where water is piped directly to home, urban-scale IDP settlements, users manually collect from public tapstands transport it their dwellings they store use over several hours. This creates potential for recontamination, increasing illness risk. Humanitarian responders need optimize treatment minimize risk at...
Diarrhoeal diseases cause an estimated 1.87 million child deaths per year. Point-of-use filtration using locally made ceramic filters improves microbiological quality of stored drinking water and prevents diarrhoeal disease. Scaling-up is inhibited by lack universal control standards. We investigated filter production variables to determine their affect on removal during 5–6 weeks simulated normal use. Decreases in the clay:sawdust ratio changes burnable decreased effectiveness filter....
Almost a billion persons lack access to improved drinking water, and diarrheal diseases cause an estimated 1.87 million deaths per year. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets are widely recommended for household water treatment reduce diarrhea. Because NaDCC is directly added untreated sources, concerns have been raised about the potential health impact of disinfection by-products. This study investigated trihalomethane (THM) production in from six sources used (0.6–888.5 nephelometric...
In the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, international organizations provided conflicting recommendations for disinfecting surfaces contaminated by uncontrolled patient spills. We compared efficacy of four chlorine solutions (sodium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, high-test and generated hypochlorite) disinfection three surface types (stainless steel, heavy-duty tarp, nitrile) with without pre-cleaning practices (prewiping, covering, or both) soil load. The test organisms were...