A5101744848- Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques
- Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies
- Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques
- Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Quantum and electron transport phenomena
- Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
- Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Formal Methods in Verification
- Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Semiconductor materials and devices
- Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies
- Business Process Modeling and Analysis
- Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
- Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
2014-2024
Blockheizkraftwerks- Träger- und Betreibergesellschaft (Germany)
2020
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)
2004-2016
Clinical Research Center Kiel
2015
Systems, Applications & Products in Data Processing (United Kingdom)
2014
University of Potsdam
2011-2013
Hasso Plattner Institute
2011-2013
Chalmers University of Technology
2013
Leibniz Institute for High Performance Microelectronics
2011
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
2009
An ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) is presented. The ULCA a non-cryogenic instrument based on specially designed operational amplifiers and resistor networks. It involves two stages, the first providing 1000-fold gain second performing current-to-voltage conversion via an internal 1 MΩ reference or, optionally, external standard resistor. ULCA's transfer coefficient highly stable versus time, temperature, amplitude within full dynamic range of ±5 nA. low noise level 2.4 fA/√Hz...
The NASA InSight mission payload includes the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package HP$^3$ to measure surface heat flow. package was designed use a small penetrator -- nicknamed mole implement string of temperature sensors in soil depth 5m. itself is equipped with thermal conductivity as it proceeds depth. flow would be calculated from product gradient conductivity. To avoid perturbation caused by annual variations, measurements taken at between 3 m 5 m. penetrate cohesionless similar...
We report on high-accuracy measurements of quantized current, sourced by a tunable-barrier single-electron pump at frequencies $f$ up to $1$ GHz. The were performed with new picoammeter instrument, traceable the Josephson and quantum Hall effects. Current quantization according $I=ef$ $e$ elementary charge was confirmed $f=545$ MHz total relative uncertainty 0.2 ppm, improving state art about factor 5. For first time, accuracy possible future current standard based transport experimentally...
Most industrial processes rely on temperature measurement, which directly influences product quality, energy efficiency, process optimization and emissions. The European Partnership Metrology project “Thermometry with embedded SI traceability for applications (ThermoSI)” is a 3-year research development (late 2024 – late 2027) will overcome some specific control challenges (calibration drift, surface thermometry, dynamic gas variations) by implementing traceable thermometry in situ through...
Model transformation is one of the key tasks in model-driven engineering and relies on efficient matching modification graph-based data structures; its sibling graph rewriting has been used to successfully model problems a variety domains. Over last years, wide range tools have developed – all them with their own particular strengths typical application In this paper, we give survey comparison that participated at Transformation Tool Contest 2011. The reader gains an overview field tools,...
An interlaboratory comparison of small-current generation and measurement capability is presented with the ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) acting as travelling standard. Various measurements at direct currents between 0.16 nA 13 were performed to verify degree agreement three national metrology institutes involved in study. Consistency well within one part per million (ppm) was found. Due harsh environmental conditions during shipment, ULCA's transfer accuracy had been limited...
The ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) was developed as an advanced instrument for the improved measurement of currents generated by single-electron transport (SET) devices. It optimized direct in picoampere range, and achieves uncertainty <;0.1 μA/A a 100 pA typically SET pumps. This paper summarizes our efforts extending ULCA's range minimizing over wide range. Two ULCA variants with shortterm about 0.02 or noise level 1.4 fA/√Hz are presented. Combining these devices allows...
A new type of the ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) is presented. It involves thick-film resistors to achieve a high feedback resistance 185 GΩ at input amplifier. An improved noise level 0.4 fA/Hz with 1/f corner about 30 μHz and an effective bias well below 100 aA are demonstrated. For small direct currents, measurement uncertainties 10 achievable even without reversal or on/off switching. Above 1 pA, stability ULCA's resistor network limits relative uncertainty parts per...
We have developed a noise-optimized ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) aimed at reducing the uncertainty low currents. It involves thin-film resistor network with 6.75 GΩ high-ohmic path which reduces noise level to 1.6 fA/Hz. Noise investigations as well short-term and long-term stability studies were carried out. The of input gain was measured using cryogenic comparator ±6.1 nA. Methods for investigating measurement accuracy currents about 100 pA below one part in 107 are...
Robustness and reliability of an embedded RF-MEMS switch are analyzed. Changes key parameters, such as C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> , xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> pull-in voltage, with the ambient temperature investigated in range -30°C to 150°C. The biggest effect, a decrease by factor 2 between 150°C, is observed for while weakly increases only about 6% this range. For practically no...
We measure the current noise of several cryogenic cables in a pulse tube based dilution refrigerator at frequencies between about 1 mHz and 50 kHz. show that vibration-induced can be efficiently suppressed by using vacuum-insulated room temperature 2nd stage. A peak below 4 fA 1.4 Hz operation frequency white density 0.44 fA/Hz millihertz range are obtained.
A dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer (DART) is presented. The novel DART concept combines in one instrument the fast and accurate thermometry with primary method of Johnson noise thermometry. Unlike previous approaches, new measures spectral density thermal sensing resistor directly a sequential measurement procedure without using correlation techniques. sophisticated data analysis corrects output for both parasitic effects sensor wiring amplifier current noise. features...
We performed calibrations of four different commercial picoammeters using the ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) as a calibrator source operated in range between 1 fA and μA. The results allow comprehensive characterization devices under test regarding noise, settling, burden voltage behavior well stability gain factor, confirm performance ULCA for use small-current standard. Also, we present further advanced setup calibration transimpedance amplifiers. Accuracy limits best...
The noise and stability of a current source are limited by the quality components used for construction, such as voltage reference chips, resistors, power supplies. A state-of-the-art commercial typically exhibits no better than parts in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> . In this paper, we present way to implement with "external" electrical references. This approach allows be decoupled from characteristics main supply...
The ultrastable low-noise current amplifier (ULCA) was developed as an advanced instrument for the improved measurement of currents generated by single-electron transport (SET) devices. It optimized direct in picoampere range, and achieves uncertainty about 0.1 parts per million a 100 pA, typically SET pumps. This paper summarizes our efforts extending ULCA's range minimizing over wide range. final goal is to obtain universal measuring generating between 1 fA μA with unmatched accuracy.
We report on new calibration methods for picoammeters and low-current sources. The `Ultrastable Low-noise Current Amplifier' (ULCA) was used the exemplary of commercial state-of-the-art ammeter current source instruments in range between 1 fA μA. uncertainties achieved are compared with results obtained from two other small direct currents. It is shown that using ULCA as calibrator allows achieving lower together benefit easier handling to alternative techniques. Also, performing meter...
Input and output stages of the second generation ultrastable low-noise current amplifiers can be conveniently calibrated by means a cryogenic comparator. The uncertainty achievable for measurement durations less than 2 h makes our calibration setup helpful tool selection hardware in development instrumentation tailored to meet requirements special applications.