Using inverse photoemission and we find that the bulk bands become discretized in highly perfect layer structures, such as Cu on fcc Co(100), Fe(100), Ag bcc Au Fe (100), Co Cu(100), Au(100). The electronic structure is analyzed framework of quantum-well states consisting Bloch functions modulated by an envelope function. wavelength function determined from \ensuremath{\lambda}/2 interferometer fringes produced periodic appearance with increasing film thickness. k conservation, one obtains...

The surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) was used to investigate the magnetic properties of epitaxial thin films Co, Ni, and their alloys grown on Cu(100) Cu(111). Curie temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}$ is higher for same a given thickness Cu(111) than Cu(100). All show change in power-law exponent \ensuremath{\beta} magnetization density M\ensuremath{\sim}(1-T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ with reducing film thickness. Ni undergo particularly...

One-, three-, and five-monolayer (ML) films of fcc iron grown epitaxially on Cu(001) are found to be ferromagnetic by spin-polarized photoelectron emission measurements the magnetization as function perpendicularly applied field temperature. The hysteresis loop 5-ML film at 30 K is quadrangular, shows a remanence directed along surface normal coercive 650 Oe. extrapolated temperature dependence saturation leads Curie 230 for 1-ML 390 3- films.

Using high-resolution reflection electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS), we compare experimental results for the wave-vector-dependent behavior of plasmons in a graphene sheet on SiC(0001) with that due to filled band surface states semiconducting silicon. There are significant differences between two systems and predicted classical two-dimensional electrons. In particular, damping increases wave vector independent any obvious inelastic scattering channel. The illustrate importance...

High-resolution inelastic electron spectra have been measured for a saturated coverage of atomic hydrogen adsorbed on W(100). The fundamental modes corresponding to H occupying ${C}_{2v}$ point-group-symmetry bridge site plus an overtone ($v=0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2$) the intense symmetric stretch are resolved at angles off specular direction. intensity these (normalized elastic peak) exhibits resonantlike behavior as function impact energy.

We report the first measurements of critical exponents a phase transition at surface clean metal, Au(110) (1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 2) \ensuremath{\leftrightarrow} 1) transition. The $\ensuremath{\beta}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $\ensuremath{\nu}$ amplitudes were measured by LEED place in two-dimensional Ising universality class. scattering is observed to peak above ${T}_{c}$, signaling breakdown Ornstein-Zernike theory, numerical accord with predictions Fisher Burford.

Abstract Background The large majority of people with dementia receive nothing in the way specialist assessment and care at any stage their illness. There is a particular lack services focussed on early identification intervention where there possibility long‐term harm reduction for family carers. We have developed model that complementary to local systems health social (The Croydon Memory Service Model [CMSM]). This low‐cost, high‐throughput, generic service enable dementia. It multi‐agency...

Photoemission and secondary electron emission (SEE) measurements have been used to investigate the band structure of graphite. The energy distribution curves obtained from both types reveal identical features for those transitions conduction-band states occurring up 5 eV above vacuum level. Two minima in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ conduction band, located at critical points ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{3u}^{+}$ ${Q}_{1u}^{+}$, observed 7.5 8.6 Fermi Emission these final is...

Photoemission energy distribution spectra of clean metal and semiconductor surfaces are interpreted in terms emission from electronic states characteristic both the surface 'infinite' bulk crystal. The photoexcitation matrix element is shown to depend on degree localization final-state wavefunction at surface. Using concept that emitted electron represented by an incoming plane wave, spectral regimes experimental conditions defined which expected give enhanced sensitivity. Experimental...

The surface vibrational modes of atomic hydrogen adsorbed on W (100), observed by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy in off-specular directions, indicate bridge bonding at all coverages. frequencies show a dependence the W-H-W bond angle which changes due to reconstruction tungsten lattice. results (100) $c[2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2]\mathrm{H}$ low-coverage ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$ phase consisting atoms occupying sites...

The p(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) Co monolayer epitaxially grown on a Cu(001) substrate is ferromagnetic. remanence magnetization of 1-monolayer and thicker films zero, although uniaxial anisotropy perpendicular to the plane exists. Up 400 K no variation as function temperature observed.

We have used molecular-beam epitaxy to grow high-quality pseudomorphic Ni and Co1Ni9 films on Cu(001). From temperature-dependent surface magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements of these films, we determined the finite-size scaling behavior Curie temperature ultrathin for a thickness range n=2.5–16 monolayers (ML). The film dependent each ferromagnetic thin-film systems, TC(n), is described by formula: [TC(∞) − TC(n)]/TC(n) = [(n n′)/n0]−1/ν, where TC(∞) bulk temperature, n0=2.5±0.5 ML Co...

Na-induced 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 reconstruction on the Si(111) surface was studied using a scanning tunneling microscope and other tools. Atomic images showed that this consisted of Na zigzag chains separated by missing row, which covered bulk-terminated 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 substrate at coverage 2/3. Upon further deposition, multilayer grown following Stranski-Krastanov mode. Tunneling I-V curves first layer insulating but insulator-metal transition occurred...

Aims. This article examines the extent of stigma and discrimination as reported by people with a diagnosis schizophrenia. The hypothesis is that when express in their own words they experience such will be found to widespread. Methods. Seventy-five schizophrenia from 15 different countries were interviewed mixed methods instrument assess discrimination. data analysed for frequency counts then thematic analysis was performed. A conceptual map provided. Results. study cross-cultural one but,...

We have used near-critical-angle reflection of polarized neutrons to probe for ferromagnetism in fcc Fe and Co epitaxial films (7 20 A\r{} thick). on Cu(001) exhibits a strong ferromagnetic response with magnetic moment per atom \ensuremath{\mu}=(1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}.25)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathrm{B}}$. epitaxied Rh(001) shows no in-plane contrast polycrystalline bcc film similar thickness. The results are compared the calculated magnitudes local moments these metastable phases.

view Abstract Citations (94) References (27) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Electrostatic Potential of Interstellar Grains Feuerbacher, B. ; Willis, R. F. Fitton, The equilibrium electrostatic potential interstellar grains, subjected to an ultraviolet radiation field in a dilute ambient plasma, is calculated for variety fields and plasma parameters, two different grain materials. For environment typical H I region, the results show that...

For novice qualitative researchers, each encounter in the field yields a ream of questions and uncertainties. While fieldwork has inherent ambiguities for all researchers have less experience on which to draw assess their interactions with participants. Adding this uncertainty, gerontological is frequently imbued by age-and cohort-related nuances, characteristics new often do not share It also uncommon work primarily alone projects, such as dissertations theses. Mentors academic advisors can...