The evolving explosion in high data rate services and applications will soon require the use of untapped, abundant unregulated spectrum visible light for communications to adequately meet demands fifth-generation (5G) mobile technologies. Radio-frequency (RF) networks are proving be too scarce cover escalation services. Visible communication (VLC) has emerged as a great potential solution, either replacement of, or complement to, existing RF networks, support projected traffic demands....

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a distributed machine (ML) technique to train models without sharing users' private data. In this paper, we introduce decentralized FL scheme that is called federated empowered overlapped clustering for aggregation (FL-EOCD). The introduced FL-EOCD leverages device-to-device (D2D) communications and enable aggregation, where cluster defined coverage zone of typical device. devices located on the clusters are bridge (BDs). proposed scheme, topology...

In this paper, we propose and study a new joint load balancing (LB) power allocation (PA) scheme for hybrid visible light communication (VLC) radio frequency (RF) system consisting of one RF access point (AP) multiple VLC APs. An iterative algorithm is proposed to distribute users on APs the powers their users. PA subproblem, an optimization problem formulated allocate each AP connected total achievable data rate maximization. efficient that finds optimal dual variables after formulating...

Despite the promising high-data rate features of visible light communications (VLC), they still suffer from unbalanced services due to blockages and channel fluctuation among users. This paper introduces evaluates a new transmission scheme which adopts cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (Co-NOMA) in hybrid VLC/radio-frequency (RF) systems, so as improve both system sum-rate fairness. Consider network consisting one VLC point (AP) strong weak users, where each user is paired with...

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a significant paradigm for training machine learning models. This is due to its data-privacy-preserving property and efficient exploitation of distributed computational resources. achieved by conducting the process in parallel at users. However, traditional FL strategies grapple with difficulties evaluating quality received models, handling unbalanced reducing impact detrimental To resolve these problems, we introduce novel federated framework, which...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have drawn considerable attention due to their ability direct electromagnetic waves into desirable directions. Although RISs share some similarities with relays, the two fundamental differences impacting performance. To harness benefits of both, we propose a downlink system wherein relay and an RIS improve performance in terms energy-efficiency. Using singular value decomposition (SVD), semidefinite programming (SDP), function approximations,...

As the existing radio-frequency (RF) networks cannot meet ever-increasing data rate demand, optical wireless communication (OWC), which uses a wide untapped unregulated spectrum, has been proposed as promising technology to overcome RF spectrum limitations. On other hand, with increasing demand for high and prevalence of broadcast-nature networks, researchers have recently come up new mechanisms improve secure using physical layer techniques. Compared OWC are more less susceptible...

Visible light communications (VLC) have emerged as a strong candidate for meeting the escalating demand high data rates. In this paper, we consider VLC network, where multiple access points (APs) serve both energy-harvesting users (EHUs), i.e., who harvest energy from emitted by diodes and information (IUs), gather information. order to jointly balance achievable sum rate at IUs harvested EHUs, paper considers maximizing network-wide utility, which consists of weighted EHUs energy, subject...

This letter proposes and optimizes a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple-access (Co-NOMA) scheme in the context of multicell visible light communications (VLC) networks to mitigate inter-cell interference. Consider network where each access-point (AP) serves two users. In cell, weak user (cell-edge user) can be served either directly by VLC AP, or through strong that decodes message forwards it radio-frequency (RF) link. The paper then considers problem maximizing sum-rate under...

The ever-increasing demand in high data rate has pushed the attention of researchers to utilize unregulated visible light spectrum for communication. This paper proposes a joint access-point (AP) association and power allocation algorithms energy-efficiency (EE) maximization communication networks. Based on user-centric design, we first show that cell formation are interlinked problems should be treated jointly. We start by proposing new algorithm users' clustering then associating all APs...

In this paper, we propose and study a new joint load balancing (LB) power allocation (PA) scheme for hybrid visible light communication (VLC) radio frequency (RF) system consisting of one RF\ access point (AP) multiple VLC\ APs. An iterative algorithm is proposed to distribute the users on APs powers these their users. PA subproblem, an optimization problem formulated allocate each AP connected total achievable data rates maximization. It proved that concave but not easy tackle. Therefore,...

Achieving high data rate is always a goal that could be met by developing new technologies and investigating potential ones. Recently, the concept of cell-free massive MIMO systems (CF-mMIMO) has been considered to enhance performance operate merely with Radio Frequency (RF) or visible light communication (VLC) technologies. In this paper, hybrid VLC/RF system proposed where an RF network used support VLC network. The idea utilize benefits each balance load aiming at maximizing system's...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have drawn considerable attention recently due to their controllable scattering elements that are able direct electromagnetic waves into desirable directions. Although RISs share some similarities with relays, the two fundamental differences impacting performance. To harness benefits of both relaying and RISs, a multi-user communication system is proposed in this paper wherein relay an RIS cooperate improve performance terms energy efficiency....

In this paper, we study the physical layer security in a two-way relay system consisting of two transceivers, one eavesdropper, and multiple relays. We case channel state information (CSI) eavesdropper is unknown, hence artificial noise used to degrade signal ratio at eavesdropper. order reserve maximum possible power for noise, consider problem minimizing total transmitted by relays, under quality service constraints legitimate transceivers. This has been solved using semidefinite...

In this paper, we propose a joint cell formation and power allocation algorithms for energy efficiency (EE) maximization in visible light communication (VLC) networks. Unlike the previous works, show that are interlinked problems they should be solved jointly. We start by proposing new algorithm users clustering then associating all access points (APs) to clustered based on proposed metric. Under assumption vectored transmission is applied at each formed cell, solve an optimization problem...

In next-generation wireless networks, providing secure transmission and delay guarantees are two critical goals. However, either of them requires a concession on the rate. this article, we consider visible light network consisting multiple access points users. Our first objective is to mathematically evaluate achievable rate under constraints security. The second provide cell formation with customized statistical security for each user. First, propose user-centric design called formation, in...

Next-generation communication networks are expected to exploit recent advances in data science and cutting-edge communications technologies improve the utilization of available resources. In this article, we introduce an emerging deep learning (DL) architecture, transformermasked autoencoder (TMAE), discuss its potential nextgeneration wireless networks. We limitations current DL techniques meeting requirements 5G beyond networks, how TMAE differs from classical can potentially address...

In order to meet the new escalating demand for high data rate services and applications, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising solution fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks beyond. Consider VLC network, where multiple access points (APs) serve both energy-harvesting users (EHUs), i.e., which harvest energy from intensity, information-users (IUs), gather information. The performance of system becomes function direct current (DC) bias values allocated each AP. After...

<p>Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a distributed machine (ML) technique to train models without sharing users' private data. In this paper, we propose decentralized FL scheme that is called \underline{f}ederated \underline{l}earning \underline{e}mpowered \underline{o}verlapped \underline{c}lustering for \underline{d}ecentralized aggregation (FL-EOCD). The introduced FL-EOCD leverages device-to-device (D2D) communications and overlapped clustering enable aggregation, where...

In this paper, we propose a novel technique for the inspection of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes using ultrasonic sensors, signal processing, and deep neural networks (DNNs). Specifically, that detects whether there is diversion on pipe or not. The proposed model transmits ultrasound signals through custom-designed array piezoelectric transmitters receivers. We to use Zadoff-Chu sequence modulate input signals, then utilize its correlation properties estimate channel response....

Next-generation communication networks are expected to exploit recent advances in data science and cutting-edge communications technologies improve the utilization of available resources. In this article, we introduce an emerging deep learning (DL) architecture, transformer-masked autoencoder (TMAE), discuss its potential next-generation wireless networks. We limitations current DL techniques meeting requirements 5G beyond networks, how TMAE differs from classical can potentially address...

Cell free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) is a promising technology in realizing beyond fifth generation (B5G) networks. Massive deployment of access points (APs) CF-mMIMO system increases the spectral efficiency, however it also energy consumption and fronthaul requirements. Since recently reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) shown to be cost-effective solution improve performance wireless networks, RIS can enhance systems. In this work, we study downlink (DL) aided...