A5075638087- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Aging and Gerontology Research
- Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Apelin-related biomedical research
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Neonatal skin health care
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
University of the West Indies
2017-2025
University of the West
2022
Hospital for Sick Children
2019-2020
SickKids Foundation
2019-2020
University of the West Indies System
2012-2017
MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit
2014
Ghent University
2014
University of Auckland
2014
Kings Health Partners
2014
University of Southampton
2014
There is increasing recognition of the importance social and cultural differences in shaping diversity ageing experience contemporary Britain. Various factors, such as those associated with class, ethnicity, gender disability, influence people's living circumstances sources support later life. While they have been subject considerable speculation, a non-heterosexual context remains remarkably under-studied. This paper examines difference that being makes to how people It draws on...
Background Severe acute malnutrition in childhood manifests as oedematous (kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor) and non-oedematous (marasmus) syndromes with very different prognoses. Kwashiorkor differs from marasmus the patterns of protein, amino acid lipid metabolism when patients are acutely ill well after rehabilitation to ideal weight for height. Metabolic among define them metabolically thrifty, while kwashiorkor function profligate. Such differences might underlie syndromic presentation...
Malnutrition below 5 years remains a global health issue. Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) presents in childhood as oedematous (kwashiorkor) or nonoedematous (marasmic) forms, with unknown long-term cardiovascular consequences. We hypothesized that structure and function would be poorer SAM survivors than unexposed controls. studied 116 adult survivors, 54 after marasmus, 62 kwashiorkor, 45 age/sex/body mass index-matched community controls who had standardized anthropometry, blood pressure,...
The clinical syndromes of severe acute malnutrition may have early life origins because children with marasmus lower birth weight than those kwashiorkor. We hypothesized that resultant metabolic effects persist into adulthood. investigated whether survivors (MS) are more insulin resistant and glucose intolerant kwashiorkor (KS). This was a case-control study in Jamaican adults. performed oral tolerance tests on 191 adults (aged 17–50 y; 52% male; body mass index 24.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2). There were...
To explore patterns of post-malnutrition growth (PMGr) during and after treatment for severe malnutrition describe associations with survival non-communicable disease (NCD) risk 7 years post-treatment.
Backgrounds & AimsChildhood malnutrition is a major global health problem with long-term sequelae, including non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Mechanisms are unknown but may involve metabolic programming, resulting from "short-term" solutions to optimise survival by compromising non-priority organs.As key players in lipid metabolism, desaturases have been shown be predictive of NCDs.We hypothesised that the association between specific desaturase activities and NCD risk determinants...
The relationship of stressful life events (SLEs) to acute exacerbations multiple sclerosis (MS) was prospectively studied in 55 consecutive patients with a relapsing-remitting disease course. quantity and quality SLEs were determined by the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI-M) administered at 4-month intervals. Exacerbating cases (n = 20) did not experience greater number than nonexacerbating controls 35); however, who experienced qualitatively extreme 3.7 times as likely...
BACKGROUNDSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major contributor to global mortality in children under 5 years. Mortality has decreased; however, the long-term cardiometabolic consequences of SAM and its subtypes, severe wasting (SW) edematous (EM), are not well understood. We evaluated metabolic profiles adult survivors using targeted metabolomic analyses.METHODSThis cohort study 122 (SW = 69, EM 53) 90 age-, sex-, BMI-matched community participants (CPs) quantified serum metabolites direct...
Nutritional rehabilitation during severe acute malnutrition (SAM) aims to quickly restore body size and minimize poor short-term outcomes. We hypothesized that faster weight gain treatment is associated with greater cardiometabolic risk in adult life. Anthropometry, composition (DEXA), blood pressure, glucose, insulin lipids were measured a cohort of adults who hospitalized as children for SAM between 1963 1993. Weight height hospitalization at one year post-recovery abstracted from hospital...
BackgroundMore children are now surviving severe acute malnutrition (SAM), but evidence suggests that early-life is associated with increased risk of long-term cardio-metabolic disorders. To better understand potential mechanisms, we studied the metabolite profiles seven years after treatment for SAM.MethodsWe followed-up (n = 352) treated SAM in 2006–2007, at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked...
Insulin sensitivity can be estimated using glucose disposal rate (M) measured during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) or insulin index (SI) derived from frequently sampled intravenous tolerance test (FSIVGTT). The commonly used homeostatic model assessment of resistance (HOMA-IR) which utilizes fasting and has been validated against M across several populations (r = 0.5-0.8). This study sought to validate HOMA-IR SI in an Afro-Caribbean population. Sixty participants completed...
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is an important risk factor for illness and death globally, contributing to more than half of deaths in children worldwide. We hypothesized that SAM positively correlated poverty, low educational attainment, major crime higher mean soil concentrations lead, cadmium arsenic.We reviewed admission records infants admitted with a diagnosis over 14 years (2000-2013) Jamaica. Poverty index, environmental heavy metal exposure were represented Geographic Information...
BackgroundResearch on long-term outcomes of severe childhood malnutrition is scarce. Existing evidence suggests potential associations with cardiometabolic disease and impaired cognition. We aimed to assess in adolescents who were exposed compared peers not malnutrition.MethodsIn Long-term Outcomes after Severe Childhood Malnutrition (LOCSM), we followed up had 15 years earlier received treatment for at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Blantyre, Malawi. Adolescents previous included LOCSM...
BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation during severe acute malnutrition (SAM) aims to quickly restore a healthy body weight, but rapid weight gain has been associated with later cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that faster SAM and post-hospitalization is liver fat in adult survivors.MethodJamaican survivors of childhood underwent abdominal CT scan estimate as mean attenuation (MLA) spleen ratio (L/S). Birth (BW) anthropometry measured during, were abstracted from admission...
The association between severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in early childhood and liver fat adults is unknown. We hypothesized that exposure to SAM, especially wasting, associated with fatty later life. In this observational study, abdominal CT was used quantify mean attenuation (MLA) liver:spleen ratio (L/S). Birth weight (BW), serum lipids, insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment), anthropometry intrabdominal were collected. Mean differences diagnostic groups tested hierarchical...
Low levels of serum adiponectin (i.e. hypoadiponectinaemia) are a marker cardiometabolic risk in overweight children. It is not clear whether early-life factors may play role the development hypoadiponectinaemia. We investigated antenatal and postnatal growth associated with childhood levels. This was an observational study birth cohort (Vulnerable Windows Cohort Study). Anthropometry measured at birth, 6 weeks, every 3 months up to 2 years then months. Fasting glucose, insulin, lipids were...
Early-life factors (including intrauterine growth retardation) may influence the development of type 2 diabetes. We postulated that birth size is associated with cortisol levels, which itself could alter serum adipomyokines (i.e. adiponectin, IGF-I, myostatin) and glucose metabolism.An observational study 60 Afro-Caribbean young adults from a cohort.Fasting blood was drawn for IGF-I myostatin. A frequently sampled intravenous tolerance test measured insulin sensitivity (SI), acute response...
Abstract Adults who had non-edematous severe acute malnutrition (SAM) during infancy (i.e., marasmus) have worse glucose tolerance and beta-cell function than survivors of edematous SAM kwashiorkor). We hypothesized that wasting and/or stunting in is associated with lower disposal rate (M) insulin clearance (MCR) adulthood. recruited 40 nondiabetic adult (20 marasmus (MS) 20 kwashiorkor (KS)) 13 matched community controls. performed 150-minute hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic clamps to...
Rationale Since the first documentation of skin changes in malnutrition early 18th century, various hair and have been reported severely malnourished children globally. We aimed to describe frequency types conditions admitted with acute illness Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi across a spectrum nutritional status validate an existing assessment tool. Methods Children between 1 week 23 months age were enrolled stratified by anthropometry. Standardised photographs taken,...