Rootstocks are used in viticulture to manage plant pests and diseases, particularly phylloxera root-knot nematodes, improve grape wine production. A wide range of rootstocks commercially available, making selecting the optimal rootstock a difficult decision. In particular, distinct genotypes may manifest varying degrees tolerance or resistance abiotic stress, necessitating meticulous consideration during selection process. This article reviews characteristics various commercial rootstocks,...

Vegetative growth and yield of grapevines grown in the field on their own roots or grafted to a range rootstocks were investigated under drip irrigation with water three salinity levels (0.40, 1.75 3.50 dS/m) over five-year period. Rootstocks Ramsey, 1103 Paulsen, J17–69 4 hybrids (designated R1, R2, R3 R4) derived from parentage involving Vitis champini, V. berlandieri vinifera. Of measured components (bunches per shoot, bunches vine, weight bunch, berry total yield), only was significantly...

Water use efficiency (WUE) and response of grape vines ( Vitis vinifera L. cvs. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Viognier’) to a particle film treatment (PFT) under varying levels applied water were evaluated in Victoria, Australia, southwestern Idaho. Vines that received the least amount had warmest canopy or leaf surface temperature lowest (more negative) potential, stomatal conductance g S ), transpiration (E), photosynthesis (A). with plus-PFT cooler than non-PFT vines; however,...

Field vines of cv. Sultana, grown either on their own roots, or grafted to a range rootstocks, were drip-irrigated at three salinity levels (0.40, 1.75 and 3.50 dS/m) over five-year period. Rootstocks comprised Ramsey, 1103 Paulsen, J17-69 4 hybrids (designated R1, R2, R3 R4) derived from parentage involving Vitis champini, V. berlandieri vinifera. Concentrations Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca2+ Mg2+ measured in petioles flowering, laminae grape juice harvest, each year the trial. Vines all rootstocks...

Crop thinning subsequent to fruit set can help regulate yield and improve composition at harvest. Accordingly, an experiment was established in two vineyards (Site 1 Riverland District of South Australia; Site 2 Sunraysia Victoria) investigate effects crop removal after (when berries were pea size) using a machine harvester. Specific zones the canopy targeted for remove predetermined percentage avoid over-thinning. Cropping responses mechanical compared with control (un-thinned) vines, hand...

This study was conducted over three seasons on irrigated Shiraz grapevines growing in a warm climate. We addressed the question of whether differences berry size (within population berries from minimally pruned, own-rooted or Ramsey-grafted vines), would lead to juice composition, wine composition sensory score. Predictably, mass found increase with seed number, but smallest categories (0.3–0.7 g) still had similar soluble solids and pH; concentrations K+, tartaric acid malic acid, compared...

Background and Aims: Within-site comparisons were made of rootstock effects on yield, chloride sodium concentrations in petioles, juice wine Shiraz Chardonnay vines at sites with irrigation water salinities (ECiw) ranging from low (0.4 dS/m) to moderate-high (1.8 3.3 dS/m). It also compared consistency yield performance the various rootstocks both scions over 8 years one site an ECiw 2.1 dS/m. Methods Results: own roots Ramsey, 1103 Paulsen, 140 Ruggeri, K51-40, Schwarzmann, 101-14,...

Seasonal fluctuations in yield, grape composition and wine attributes, largely driven by variable climatic conditions, are major challenges for the industry aiming to meet consumer expectations consistent supply, style product quality. This paper will address known causes this variability identify management techniques, together with their limitations, that offer potential modulate these responses. Results be presented from research studies, conducted over a number of seasons, which link...

Potted grapevines of 140 Ruggeri (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris), a good Cl− excluder, and K 51-40 champinii riparia ‘Gloire’), poor family obtained by crossing the two genotypes, were used to examine inheritance exclusion. Rooted leaves then further investigate mechanism for exclusion in Ruggeri. In both potting mix trial (plants watered with 50 mM Cl−) solution culture grown 25 Cl−), variation accumulation was continuous, indicating multiple rather than single gene control between...

Background and Aims Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) has gained wide use in irrigated viticulture throughout the warm-climate production regions of Australia. There been, however, only limited study long-term impact RDI. This aimed to determine if RDI impacted vine growth, harvest yield or berry composition. Methods Results Mature Cabernet Sauvignon vines were excess crop evapotranspiration (control), with an extended strategy (prolonged deficit, PD). Growth shoot root was estimated,...

Plastic mini-chambers were used as tiny 'glass houses' to increase bud temperature in the vineyard. Open containers, with holes cut them for ventilation, controls, and inflorescences produced those chambers compared from modified where either shade cloth or reflective foil alter internal levels of photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) well temperature. Buds treated either14 days prior budburst 13 subsequent budburst. Temperature PAR monitored immediately adjacent buds. Applied budburst,...

Given their perennial nature, grapevines can respond to deficit irrigation during both the current season as well following season, even though full may have been restored that second season. To define cropping responses involved, three post-veraison treatments were imposed on spur, mechanically and minimally pruned Shiraz vines already receiving restricted water application using Partial Rootzone Drying (PRD). The resulted in 1.25 ML per hectare pre veraison 1.25, 0.65 0 of period. Water...

Background and Aims: The influence of grapevine rootstocks on vine vigour crop yield is recognized as an integral part viticultural management. However, the genetic potential Vitis species rootstock hybrids for control not fully exploited in Australian viticulture. effect 55 novel inter- intra-species five traditional hybrid cultivars winter pruning weight, berry size fruit grafted Shiraz vines presented. predictions that resulted from this analysis were used to illustrate how best perform a...

Light pruning and deficit irrigation regimes are practices which widely used in high yielding commercial vineyards the warm climate regions of Australia. Little information is available on their impacts carbohydrate dynamics vegetative organs within between seasons, resulting plant capacity to maintain productivity ripen fruits. This study was conducted address this gap knowledge over five vintages Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Franc, Shiraz Sauvignon Sunraysia region Victoria, Lighter did...

Experiments with Sultana vines left unpruned for 15 years or but skirted to facilitate management (minimal pruned) 6 have shown that traditional pruning limits production, particularly in seasons when the district average is high. Minimal pruing increased production of 50-year-old, non-clonal over by about 60 %. They had more bunches (106: 43) and shoots (275 : 77) fewer per shoot (0.40 0.55) smaller (231 373 g) than pruned vines. At harvest, minimal a canopy similar size vines, thus leaf...

During three seasons, each of a number Sultana vines were provided with types cane. These cane differed, during the two seasons covering shoot development and fruit ripening, in their position within vine canopy, hence exposure to solar radiation. On vine, canes (S) placed outside (B) below main body canopy formed by four T-canes. In all yield components determined mainly bud development, i.e. % burst, fruitful/burst nodes bunches/node B-canes inferior Sand T-canes, which did not differ...

Salinity treatments of 0.43, 1.7 and 3.4 dS/m were applied through a drip-irrigation system to four-year-old vines own-rooted Sultana (SO) on Ramsey rootstock (Sr) The planted in spring 1987 established for two years under irrigation with low salinity (0.43 dS/m) water before commencing the range 1989. effects yield, size composition berries, canopy size, lamina CO2 assimilation, leaf relations ion concentrations studied between veraison harvest during second season treatments. Mature leaves...

Background and Aims The effect of rootstock on chloride (Cl−) sodium (Na+) exclusion capacity yield Chardonnay Shiraz was investigated in the final 2 years (2007/08 2008/09) a long-term (14-year) saline irrigation trial. Methods Results Shiraz, own roots nine rootstocks, were irrigated for first 12 seasons with water electrical conductivity (ECiw) 2.1 dS/m, 7.15 ML/ha mean total applied. two restrictions, where vines (mean) ECiw 1.65 dS/m at seasonal application 3.04 ML/ha. Vines had...

Background and Aims: Despite much anecdotal evidence, there has been little scientific investigation of the potential effects a high-temperature event on grapevines during deficit irrigation. This study examined interaction between temperature water status leaf physiology. Methods Results: Two experiments used Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings grown in glasshouse at approximately 27–30°C before irrigation treatments were imposed. When stress was apparent, 2-day with maximum daytime temperatures...

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major insect pest that negatively impacts commercial grapevine performance worldwide. Consequently, the use of resistant rootstocks an essential component vineyard management. However, majority commercially available used in viticulture production provide limited levels grape resistance, part due to adaptation biotypes different Vitis species. Therefore, there pressing need develop new better adapted specific growing regions with...

Aims: Rootstocks provide protection against soil-borne pests and are a powerful tool to manipulate growth, fruit composition wine-quality attributes. The present study aimed assess the consistency of rootstock effects on growth scion varieties identify × interactions.Methods results: Vine performance hot-climate, drip-irrigated, spur-pruned Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon Shiraz, grafted seven rootstocks, was assessed over five seasons from 2013 2017. included Ramsey, 1103 Paulsen 140 Ruggeri...

Fruit bud initiation in Sultana is more sensitive to climatic factors than fruit other cultivars. This paper considers historical findings regarding the influence of light and temperature on fruitfulness view modern vineyard management practices. Past results were reviewed confirmed by experiments which variability vine size structure was introduced grafting modifications trellis design. Ramsey-grafted vines consistently less fruitful own-rooted Sultana, possibly because a shaded canopy...

Background and Aims The effect of season deficit irrigation treatments was monitored on berry development composition, yield wine composition Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grown in a hot climate during 2003–2005. Methods Results were regulated (RDI) prolonged (PD), compared with standard industry (Control) treatment. Compared to the Control, RDI berries smaller from reduction mesocarp (flesh) rather than exocarp (skin) or seed mass but insufficient significantly impact yield. PD...