A fault protection and location method for a dc bus microgrid system is presented in this paper. Unlike traditional ac systems, systems cannot survive or sustain high-magnitude currents. And if causes the to de-energize completely, it makes locating faults very difficult. The main goal of proposed scheme detect isolate without de-energizing entire identifying location. In order achieve this, ring-type was used segmented into overlapping nodes links with circuit breakers (CBs) segment event...

A fault detection and isolation scheme for low-voltage dc-bus microgrid systems is presented in this paper. Unlike traditional ac distribution systems, protection has been challenging dc systems. The goals of the proposed are to detect bus between devices isolate faulted section so that system keeps operating without disabling entire system. To achieve these goals, a loop-type dc-bus-based system, which segment controller connected components, proposed. consists master slave controllers...

In recent years, the rapid growth of active consumers in distribution networks transforms modern power markets' structure more independent, flexible, and distributed. Specifically, trend peer-to-peer (P2P) transactive energy systems, traditional became prosumers (producer+consumer) who can maximize their utilization by sharing it with neighbors without any conventional arbitrator transactions. Although a distributed pricing scheme is inevitable such systems to make optimal decisions,...

A fault protection and location method for ungrounded dc traction power systems is presented in this paper. Many have an circuit to increase the leakage path resistance. Although can continue operating with a single ground contact, unlike solid- or low-resistance grounded systems, because of very low current, second another pole will result line-to-line that could cause significant system damage. However, it difficult detect first contact due current even harder locate be seen by many...

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology offers a sustainable approach to harvest electricity from biodegradable materials. Energy production MFCs has been demonstrated using external resistors or charge pumps, but such methods can only dissipate energy through heat receive electrons passively the MFC without any controllability. This study developed new and system that actively extract reactors at operating point resistors, especially peak power maximize production. Results show harvesting...

Presented is a duty-cycle-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme with current-sensorless estimation. Conventional MPPT methods require generated data involving direct current measurement, or disconnection of source and load for open-circuit voltage measurement. The proposed avoids these disadvantages while retaining capability. This microcontroller-based approach allows easy implementation tuning the algorithm to suit characteristics thermoelectric generator (TEG) respect...

A hybrid controller, consisting of a model-based feedforward controller and proportional-integral feedback compensator, for solid-rotor synchronous reluctance motor/generator in high-speed flywheel-based uninterruptible power supply application is proposed this paper. The takes most the control output current regulator based on machine model, PI controllers compensate possible inaccuracies model to improve performance robustness complete system. tracking error caused by parameter inaccuracy...

Alternating current (AC) is known to inactivate microbial growth in suspension, but how AC influences anaerobic biofilm activities has not been systematically investigated. Using a Geobacter dominated growing on the electrodes of electrochemical reactors, we found that high frequency ranging from 1 MHz kHz (amplitude 5 V, 30 min) showed only temporary inhibition activity. However, lower (100 Hz, 1.2 or V) treatment led 47 ± 19% permanent decrease limiting same biofilm, which attributed...

This article presents a novel two-tier peer-to-peer (P2P) market paradigm for energy sharing between multiregional proactive prosumers (producer+consumer) in transactive systems. In the proposed approach, interactions can be achieved inter-area markets as well intra-area markets. A dual decomposition based and consensus-based distributed market-clearing approaches are designed double-layered hierarchical intra- The approach preserves prosumers' privacy by only partial information with fellow...

In this article, we present a fully distributed optimization approach for real-time energy management of dc microgrids. the proposed approach, system (EMS) is formulated with consensus algorithm based on incremental cost, which operates in manner both generation and demand-side management. The privacy-preserving, scalable, plug-and-play capable, robust against time-varying communication topologies. Furthermore, it converges very fast terms computation time iterations. scalability was...

This paper presents a distributed solution for energy trading in smart grid with voltage and congestion management. In the proposed approach, is formulated consensus algorithm to optimize both generation- demand-side cost functions based on incremental cost. The approach designed directed communication networks.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging technology for sustainable energy production. An MFC employs indigenous microorganisms as biocatalysts and can theoretically convert any biodegradable substrate into electricity, making the a viable solution waste treatment or autonomous power supply. However, electric currently generated from MFCs not directly usable due to low voltage current output. Moreover, output fluctuate significantly according operating conditions, which makes stable harvest...

This article proposes a half-bridge LLC resonant converter applying simple circuit with variable magnetizing inductance scheme for hold-up time requirement. By changing the of main transformer, proposed can satisfy requirement without sacrificing efficiency, featuring small conduction, and turn-off switching losses primary switches in nominal status. In addition, relieve burden additional components by positioning them on signal path, is self-powered adding only one winding instead isolated...

This paper proposes a new decentralized transactive energy (TE) market strategy integrating wholesale and local markets through coordinated interactions between transmission system operator (TSO), distribution operators (DSOs), distributed resource (DER) owners. The overall market-clearing problem is formulated as an optimization with coupling variables different levels, decomposed into three sub-problems for each of them to solve locational marginal prices (LMPs), LMPs, dispatch commands,...