Few studies have been published about analgesic management practices during sickle cell pain crisis. Therefore, we reviewed the records of all hospitalized children with this complication a recent five-year period. The 38 patients (98 painful episodes) who received intravenous narcotic therapy were subjects review. In 76 patients, an initial bolus injection morphine sulfate or meperidine hydrochloride was followed by continuous infusion one these two drugs. To achieve adequate control,...

Background When in May 1983 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first securely attributed to a virus, eventually called human virus (HIV), many controversies arose. Among these one centering on HIV's origin. A startling hypothesis, here “HIV-from-Fort-Detrick myth,” asserted that HIV had been product, accidental or intentional, of bioweaponry research. While its earliest identifiable contributors were West, this myth's most dynamic propagators East. The Soviet security service,...

Toxic chemicals - "toxicants" have been studied and regulated as single entities, and, carcinogens aside, almost all toxicants, or mixed however altered, thought harmless in very low doses weak concentrations. Yet much work recent decades has shown that toxicants can injure wildlife, laboratory animals, humans following exposures previously expected to be harmless. Additional act not only individually cumulatively but also collectively even synergistically they affect disadvantaged...

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<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine whether and where universal neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies, chiefly sickle-cell disease, could be performed at socially acceptable costs. <h3>Methods:</h3> We made projections of the cost-effectiveness nonuniversal disease throughout United States. then compared with that phenylketonuria screening. Finally, we asked if "high-cost" states, is, those in which cost finding a case exceeded one half phenylketonuria, enhance their by joining...

Standard models of patient demand for health care and suppliers' response to that imply some manner manipulation the prices faced by patients must be chief among mechanisms systemic cost control. However convenient econometrically, these standard cannot reflect complexity behavior, they say little about predominant causes health-care escalation. This paper describes a richer Jevonian political-economic model sensibly portrays physician corporate supply behaviors suggests range...

What happens to a profession that loses the memory of its moral independence? And what then those reliant on honor, advocacy, initiative? In an era biotechnological adventure, medical audacity, ecological disruption, fiscal strain, and financial temptation, these are urgent questions for all life scientists they serve. Profession Conscience is exposition, analysis, application political-ethical tradition in, of, sciences, from molecular genetics clinical medicine environmental biology....

The life-sciences community has grown increasingly concerned that dangerous microbes or their products might be mishandled misused, with serious harm done to human ecosystem health locally, regionally, globally. sought address this concern in cooperation responsible governments, but it also act ways not chiefly dependent on governmental initiatives intergovernmental agreements. Concurrently, obviate policies materially restricting scientific, entrepreneurial, commercial freedoms. I ask...

The age of puberty in many populations has declined steeply over recent centuries and may be declining still. Consequently, today's children tend to experience the hormonal stresses rapid development at younger ages than did their ancestors, around whose later, if not more gradual, maturation traditional behavioral expectations formed. Little been made this "rush puberty" outside life sciences. This article reviews its historical documentation, scholarly appreciation, epidemiological...

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