A new set of ANSYS coupled-field elements enables users to accurately and efficiently analyze thermoelectric devices. This paper reviews the finite element formulation, which, in addition Joule heating, includes Seebeck, Peltier, Thomson effects. Examples steady-state transient simulations a generator single-stage Peltier cooler are presented for analysis verification. An multistage is performed demonstrate parametric capability.

Abstract We investigate the contribution of Hall term on generalized Ohm's law in magnetospheric plasmas. In particular, we focus its role processes that lead to formation substorm perturbations deep inside magnetosphere. Using data from THEMIS mission, calculate average length and spatial distribution near equatorial plane. Our findings reveal significantly exceeds ion inertial length, which suggests term's is greater than convective term. this case, magnetic field lines are able slip...

The work analyzes dependences of eddy diffusion coefficients in the X, Y, and Z directions GSM coordinate system on plasma parameter β, taking into account distance from Earth, direction interplanetary magnetic field, conditions geomagnetic activity magnetotail according to MMS mission data. These parameters are determined by root-mean-square velocities ions their autocorrelation time. Eddy characterize magnitude turbulent transport model sheet. We have analyzed more than 20000 12-min...

The work analyzes dependences of eddy diffusion coefficients in the X, Y, and Z directions GSM coordinate system on plasma parameter β, taking into account distance from Earth, direction interplanetary magnetic field, conditions geomagnetic activity magnetotail according to MMS mission data. These parameters are determined by root-mean-square velocities ions their autocorrelation time. Eddy characterize magnitude turbulent transport model sheet. We have analyzed more than 20000 12-min...

[1] During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that turbulent processes in plasma sheet are very important for analysis formation quasi-stable configurations. The existence this turbulence provides self-consistent approach to study dynamics Earth's magnetosphere, including stability. can also be an understanding location isolated substorm expansion phase onset. In level has been evaluated by calculating eddy diffusion coefficients using Time History Events and Macroscale...

Abstract We use kappa distributions to model thousands of ion and electron flux spectra along the plasma sheet analyze variation spectral index κ temperature T in this region. find that are ubiquitous fit well during quiet times, expansion recovery phases substorms. Near Earth, up ∼12 R E , indices different than rest sheet, both for ions ( i ) electrons e ). There is a significant dawn‐dusk asymmetry toward tail, which enhanced The also exhibit permanent asymmetry, determined by colder...

Abstract The Earth's magnetosphere is filled with a collisionless plasma that exhibits non‐Maxwellian particle distributions which are well described by Kappa functions. In contrast to the Maxwellian, contains not only density and temperature but also kappa index allows us characterize energetic tails. this study, we analyze response of ion electron distributions, obtained fitting fluxes measured five THEMIS satellites, changes solar wind dynamic pressure. It was found pressure strongly...

Abstract We studied the evolution of ion and electron distribution functions, approximated by κ distributions, in plasma sheet with distance from Earth using data Time History Events Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft mission. Five events were used to calculate main parameters distribution. For these at least four aligned along tail between approximately 7 30 R E . It was found that for majority values increase tailward. The observed radial profiles could be related inner...

Accurate mapping of the auroral oval into equatorial plane is critical for analysis aurora and substorm dynamics. Comparison ion pressure values measured at low altitudes by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites during their crossings oval, with plasma obtained from Time History Events Macroscale Interactions Substorms (THEMIS) satellite measurements, indicates that main part maps distances between 6 12 Earth radii. On nightside, this region generally considered to be a...

A simple theory of the magnetostatic equilibrium magnetospheric plasma sheet is proposed. It takes into consideration effects large‐scale dawn‐to‐dusk electric field and developed medium‐scale turbulence. This makes it possible to describe main features dynamics. The suggested model assumes that magnetic lines are not equipotential regular velocity a parcel much lower than chaotic velocity. Hence intensely mixed. One consequences such mixing experimentally observed temperature equalization...

Abstract. Study of the plasma turbulence in central sheet was performed using Interball-Tail satellite data. Fluctuations bulk velocity were deduced from measurements taken by Corall instrument for different levels geomagnetic activity and locations inside sheet. The events that satisfied following criteria selected analysis: number density 0.1–10 cm−3, ion temperature T≥0.3 keV, average ≤100 km/s. It found flow generally appears to be strongly turbulent, i.e. is dominated fluctuations are...

There is a vast amount of evidence that suggests the geomagnetic tail like turbulent wake behind an obstacle. Large-scale vortices in are able to generate transport takes place both along plasma sheet, X and Y directions, across Z direction. Thus, fluctuations all directions should be taken into consideration when analyzing stability sheet configurations. In this review, we summarize discuss main results large middle scale magnetospheric turbulence yielded by data analysis modeling. We also...

Проведен статистический анализ спектров флуктуаций электрического и магнитного поля в плазменном слое хвоста магнитосферы Земли по данным спутников миссии Multiscale Magnetosphere Mission (MMS) за 2017–2022 гг. при небольших скоростях движения плазмы. Рассмотрены результаты измерений комплекса аппаратуры FIELDS. Выделены трехчасовые интервалы, во время которых спутники находились внутри плазменного слоя плазменный параметр β был больше единицы. более ста тысяч прибором EDP/DCE FGM. Из...

Abstract In the present study, influence of solar wind dynamic pressure on plasma and magnetic pressures magnetosphere is studied. We use 11‐year Time History Events Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) instruments for field measurements in OMNI database IMF data. focus effects ( P SW ) consider only times which interplanetary (IMF) components are within ±5 nT. find that inside follows an increase also day‐night asymmetry. Our analysis reveals existence ion electron drifts from...