Abstract We investigated the resonant interactions between Z‐mode waves and radiation belt electrons at Saturn via constructing an empirical model of frequency spectral wave normal angle distributions 5 20 kHz Saturnian using Cassini observations. The results quasi‐linear bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients show that efficiently scatter (with energies up to several MeV), with pitch coverage narrowing increasing L ‐shell. Compared waves, wave‐induced scattering occurs higher electron...

Whistler mode chorus waves are commonly observed in planetary magnetospheres and play an important role the acceleration loss of energetic electrons. By combining observations from Galileo Juno, we conduct a detailed statistical analysis spatial distribution occurrence rates averaged amplitudes Jovian magnetosphere. The results show that widely distributed at 5 < M-shell 15 within magnetic latitudes (MLats) 50°, with ranging 3 pT to ~ 50 pT. most intense found duskside inner...

Abstract Whistler mode chorus waves are commonly observed in planetary magnetospheres and play an important role the acceleration loss of energetic electrons. By combining observations from Juno (PJ01 to PJ56) Galileo, we conduct a detailed statistical analysis spatial distribution occurrence rates averaged amplitudes Jovian magnetosphere. The results show that widely distributed at 5 < M‐shell 15 within magnetic latitudes (MLats) 50°, with ranging 3 ∼50 pT. most intense found duskside...

Whistler mode waves are a common type of electromagnetic in the Martian induced magnetosphere. Using high‐resolution magnetic field data from Magnetometer (MAG) instrument onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) October 2014 to November 2022, we perform detailed analysis statistical distribution occurrence rate, averaged amplitude, peak frequency, wave normal angle ellipticity left‐hand right‐hand polarized whistler Our results show that mainly...

Abstract Ion cyclotron waves at Io are important for understanding the complex interactions between and Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we analyze spatial distributions of ion using data from seven close flybys Io—five by Galileo two Juno. We find that amplitudes vary several nT to ∼100 nT. The averaged wave amplitude reaches its peak ∼2 R I downstream diminishes significantly with increasing distance Io. While primarily observed Io, they also occur upstream but much weaker...

Abstract By constructing an empirical model of the spectral and latitudinal distribution ion cyclotron waves on basis Cassini datasets, we investigate resonant interactions between radiation belt electrons at Saturn. Calculations based quasi‐linear bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients show that Saturn can efficiently pitch angle scatter >∼1 MeV to tens into loss cone thereby inducing precipitation loss, while mixed momentum scattering effects are typically negligible. The resultant...

Abstract Whistler-mode waves upstream of planetary bow shock are often referred to as “1-Hz waves” due the center their observed frequency range being at ∼1 Hz. A series whistler-mode were Martian by MAVEN on 2015 August 14, with unusually low frequencies centered ∼0.4 These accompanied (though not synchronized) significant flux enhancement high-energy protons up ∼10 keV. By analyzing wave dispersion property and wave–particle interaction condition, we find that have potential resonating keV...

Abstract This study investigates the propagation characteristics of Saturn's Narrowband (NB) emissions using a 3D ray‐tracing code incorporating magnetic field and electron density parameters. The potential source regions zones L‐O mode, Z mode whistler NB are distinguished. emissions, generated along local plasma frequency surfaces through conversion, exhibit straight‐line but undergo reflections between ionosphere, torus, magnetosheath. slot region, characterized by lower distributed...

Abstract Based on Cassini observations, we report representative electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave events observed in Saturn's magnetosphere within remote plasma injections. Unlike local injections, injections are “older” injection that have evolved to form a dispersed signature particle energy spectrum. We show Saturnian ECH waves present strong fundamental band and much weaker high bands. By calculating the linear growth rates based measured velocity distributions,...

The spatial distribution and polarization of Saturn narrowband (NB) emissions have been studied by using Cassini Radio Plasma Wave Sciences data goniopolarimetric obtained through an inversion algorithm with a preset source located at the center Saturn. From 2004 January 1 to 2017 September 12, NB were selected automatically computer program rechecked manually. shows preference for high latitude intensity peaks in region within 6 radii both 5 20 kHz emissions. also show local time roughly...

Abstract Whistler mode waves are a common type of electromagnetic in the Martian induced magnetosphere. Using high‐resolution magnetic field data from Magnetometer (MAG) instrument onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) October 2014 to November 2022, we perform detailed analysis statistical distribution occurrence rate, averaged amplitude, peak frequency, wave normal angle ellipticity left‐hand right‐hand polarized whistler Our results show that mainly observed subsolar...

Abstract Based on Cassini observations from 2004 to 2016, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the statistical distribution occurrence rate, averaged amplitude, wave normal angle (WNA), ellipticity, and power spectral intensity ion cyclotron waves in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. Our results show that mainly occur between orbits Enceladus Dione near equatorial region (∣ λ ∣ < 20°), with higher rates northern hemisphere than southern hemisphere. The amplitudes vary 0.1 2 nT strong...

Abstract Based on the measurements from Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument onboard Cassini spacecraft over 13 years, we perform a statistical analysis of electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave spatial distribution in Saturn's magnetosphere. The occurrence rates, amplitudes, peak frequencies as functions magnetic local time, L ‐shell, latitude are investigated detail. Our results confirm that fundamental band ECH waves mainly occur near equator (| λ | < 5°) also at high latitudes...

The reflection-by-sheath mechanism of 5 kHz narrowband emissions (NB) at Saturn is confirmed by Cassini observations during several crossings the magnetopause, which show that NB can be prevented from escaping Saturn's magnetosphere. L-O mode remained visible in areas low plasma density but disappeared regions high density. In three cases, immediately after magnetopause. A possible reflected event observed near magnetosheath discussed. This help explain latitudes outside Enceladus torus and...

Abstract Based on an improved model of the moon absorption Jovian radiation belt particles, we investigate quantitatively and comprehensively probabilities particle lifetimes due to encounters with four inner moons Jupiter (Amalthea, Thebe, Io, Europa) inside L < 10. Our results demonstrate that resultant average energetic protons electrons vary dramatically between ∼0.1 days well above 1,000 days, showing a strong dependence equatorial pitch angle, kinetic energy orbit. The against are...

Context. Rotational modulation has been observed in different magnetospheric phenomena at Saturn, including radio emissions, which reflect the fundamental plasma processes key regions. Though previous studies have shown Saturn’s kilometric radiation, 5 kHz narrowband and auroral hiss to be rotationally modulated, features of its 20 emissions are still unknown. Aims. This work complements analysis Saturn by undertaking comprehensively comparing phases among regularly components. Methods. We...

A new radio component namely Saturn Anomalous Myriametric Radiation (SAM) is reported. total of 193 SAM events have been identified by using all the Cassini orbital data. emissions are L-O mode emission and occasionally accompanied a first harmonic in R-X mode. SAM's intensities decrease with increasing distance from Saturn, suggesting source near Saturn. has typical central frequency 13 kHz, bandwidth greater than 8 kHz usually drifts over time. duration can extend to 11 hr even longer....

Io plays a dual role in the Jovian magnetosphere, that is, its active volcanism provides main plasma source of and it loses energetic particles within radiation belts as well which has been observed by spacecraft (Galileo Juno). On 12 February 2019, Juno crossed particle drift shells (L shells) moon found wide narrow decrease electrons are thought to be dominantly caused wave-particle interactions. Via including absorption wave-scattering induced hiss waves, we simulate evolution electron...

The term “microsignatures” refers to localized decreases in trapped particle flux caused by absorption moons or rings that orbit within a planetary magnetosphere. Microsignatures can survive for hours and thus propagate far from the parent moon its magnetospheric interaction region. They evolve under influence of background environment, meaning their profile location trace processes magnetosphere itself, such as transport. are most common electrons few keV up...

Whistler-mode and ULF waves upstream of planetary bow shock play important role in energy transfer dissipation processes the environment. A series whistler-mode with their frequencies centered at ~0.4 Hz, accompanied by another ~0.04 Hz waves, were observed Martian MAVEN on 2015 August 14. During occurrence a significant flux enhancement high-energy protons up to ∼10 keV, as well response electrons also observed. The pitch angle distributions modulated differently according...

Abstract Saturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR), being the dominant radio emission at Saturn, has been extensively investigated. The low‐frequency extension of SKR is particular interest due to its strong association with Saturn's magnetospheric dynamics. However, highly anisotropic beaming poses challenges for observations. In most cases, propagation assumed follow straight‐line paths. We explore characteristics across different frequencies in this study. An extended equatorial shadow region...

Abstract The foreshock region filled with turbulences is a natural lab for studying interactions between plasma and waves. underlying processes are vital dissipating the energy carried by solar wind into Martian environment. In this study, we analyze an ultralow-frequency wave observed on 2015 August 14 Mars Atmosphere Volatile Evolution upstream of bow shock. properties match those 30 s waves; dispersion calculation shows that was capable generating analysis ion behaviors implies generated...

Abstract The features of electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) often imply different physical mechanisms in planetary magnetospheres. We report a simultaneous equatorial electrostatic cyclotron harmonic (ECH) wave event with butterfly PADs electrons at L ∼ 7.6–9 observed by the Cassini spacecraft. Via calculating bounce‐averaged diffusion rates, we found that Saturnian ECH waves can resonate ∼10 eV to several keV <60° angles time scales from −8 10 −4 s −1 . Simulations show formation...