Abstract The direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol promises an energy‐efficient and environmental‐friendly utilization natural gas. Unfortunately, current technologies confront a grand challenge in catalysis, particularly the context distributed sources. Research has been focused on design homogenous heterogenous catalysts improve activation under thermal electrochemical conditions. However, intrinsic relationship between systems not exploited yet. This review intends bridge...

Catalysts based on Fe-Nx sites have promising catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). While homogeneous Fe-N4 macrocycle molecules and heterogeneous Fe-N-doped carbon materials been studied extensively, systematic strategies to tune ORR energetics activities of Fe-Nx-based remain elusive. Herein, we show that carbon-supported Fe-phthalocyanine-based catalysts (FePPc/C) can be functionalized by electron-withdrawing/donating substituents electronic structures Fe center...

The continous flow reactor can synthesize MOF-808—an industrially relevant MOF—in 5 minutes compared to 48 hours in Batch, while maintaining crystallinity and porosity of the final product.

Carbonaceous soot accumulated in crankcase oil is known to have an adverse effect on diesel engine performance, durability, and fuel efficiency. The current study focused determining the influence of additive package interactions chemistry, structure, oxidation. was extracted from Mack T-12 dynamometer tests characterized using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), high-temperature diffraction (HT-XRD), energy...

Atmospheric water capture (AWC) has tremendous potential to address the global shortage of clean drinking water. The Ni2Cl2(BTDD) metal–organic framework (MOF) shown optimal sorption performance under low relative humidity conditions, but its potentially high production costs, stemming in part from lengthy multiday synthesis, hindered widespread implementation. As with most traditional MOF syntheses, original synthesis involves batch reactors that have intrinsic inefficiencies impacting...

Effects of diesel soot composition and accumulated vehicle mileage on oxidation characteristics were examined. Four samples extracted from the crankcase oils engines that had different mileages. Carbon black was used as a comparative example. Soot structure studied in situ using X-ray diffraction it oxidized to temperatures high 700 °C. The older exhibited higher increase lattice spacing (d002) with an temperature resulted being at lower temperatures, thereby reducing resistance. Composition...

A fundamental understanding of the crystallization pathways for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) allows exploring untapped combinatorial space organic and inorganic building units, creating possibilities to synthesize highly crystalline with desired physicochemical properties. In this work, we employ a continuous flow reactor elucidate kinetics Zr-based MOF-808 using time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Specifically, fit curves obtained experimentally Gualtieri model determine...

Two different greases formulated using MoS2 and a combination of ZDDP functionalized PTFE (F-PTFE) were examined under spectrum loading conditions where loads, frequency, duration the steps treated as variables. Combination F-PTFE synergistic resulting in significant reduction wear friction condition. Decreasing time step during ramp up down cycles resulted larger for grease containing particles comparison to ZDDP/F-PTFE grease. The tribofilm formed on surface was analyzed various...

In this study, the role of engine age on structure and chemistry crankcase soot was studied using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy. Results indicate that basic carbonaceous species remains same in all cases is composed turbostratic carbon. However, there are some very subtle changes as increases. Older engines have a greater proportion non-crystalline amorphous constituents relative to newer engines....

Abstract One of the ways by which grease is evaluated using a four‐ball wear test ASTM D2266. However, actual applications may require bearings to be subjected spectrum loading conditions. This study focuses on ball milling mitigate from sharp edges in MoS 2 particles. Two different blends greases were formulated as‐received state (unmilled) and milled ; they tested under conditions where load frequency tests treated as variables. It was found that significantly reduces condition both for...

An important focus of grease development is to minimize friction and wear while improving load bearing capacity. ASTM D2266 test method commonly used evaluate performance at 75°C, 40 kg 1200 rpm for 1 hour. However, actual applications may require bearings be subjected cyclic loading variable frequency conditions wherein rotations per minute (rpm), duration are variables. Five different blends greases were formulated using ZDDP (3 wt.%), PTFE (2 MoDTC combination ZDDP/PTFE in a weight ratio...

Environmental regulations to reduce the emissions using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) have resulted in higher soot level crankcase oil of diesel engines. Longer drain intervals engines running 80000 kilometers or more before an change. This results longer residence times EGR and other parts engine drivetrain. The primary structure from in-cylinder combustion is turbostratic carbon, as spends time chamber it incorporates some chemistry aged well debris wear processes making abrasive. study...

While biodiesel is one of many necessary steps forward in a cleaner transportation future, alkali metal residuals, including Na and K (in the form oxides, sulfates, hydroxides, carbonates) originating from fuel production catalysts were found to be detrimental emissions control components. + Ca Mg (also byproducts) are regulated by ASTM-D6751 standards (American Society for Testing Materials) less than 5 ppm B100; however, literature gives examples physical chemical degradation automotive...

Lithium based grease formulations are the most common lubricants used in industry today. Sulfur containing additives play a key role improving wear and friction performance of these greases. The current study is focused on developing an understanding characteristics chemical bonding between sulfur carriers (MoS2, WS2 , MoDTC organo tungstate ) interacting surfaces evaluates their effect as anti-wear anti-friction agents. ASTM D2266 spectrum loading tests with varying loads while keeping...

We report the isolation of vanadium(II) in a metal-organic framework (MOF) by reaction chloride-capped secondary building unit all-vanadium(III) V-MIL-101 (1) with 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-dihydropyrazine. The reduced material, 2, has formal composition [VIIV2III], each metal ion presenting one open coordination site. Subsequent O2 yields side-on η2 vanadium-superoxo species, 3. MOF featuring V(III)-superoxo moieties exhibits mild enhancement isosteric enthalpy...

Abstract Physiochemical properties of tribofilms generated from octadecylthioperoxydiphosphate (SSC18) and octadecylphosphorofluoridothioate (PFC18) were compared with zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) in this study. PFC18 SSC18 chemically synthesised mixed mineral base oil to prepare test formulations. Additionally, at different concentrations evaluated for their compatibility tribological performance using high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) tribometer. All lubricant formulations...