A forest-fire model is introduced which contains a lightning probability f. This leads to self-organized critical state in the limit f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 provided that time scales of tree growth and burning down forest clusters are separated. We derive scaling laws calculate all exponents. The values exponents confirmed by computer simulations. For two-dimensional system, we show density assumes its minimum possible value, i.e., energy dissipation maximum.

We perform molecular dynamics simulations to observe the structure and of water using different models (TIP3P, TIP4P, TIP5P) at ambient conditions, constrained by planar walls, which are either modeled smooth potentials or regular atomic lattices, imitating honeycomb-structure graphene. implement walls hydroaffinity, lattice constant, types interaction with molecules. find that in hydrophobic regime wall generally represents a good abstraction atomically rough while hydrophilic there...

This review is an introduction to theoretical models and mathematical calculations for biological evolution, aimed at physicists. The methods in the field are naturally very similar those used statistical physics, although majority of publications appeared biology journals. has three parts, which can be read independently. first part deals with evolution fitness landscapes includes Fisher's theorem, adaptive walks, quasispecies models, effects finite population sizes, neutral evolution....

The Kauffman model describes a system of randomly connected nodes with dynamics based on Boolean update functions. Though it is simple model, exhibits very complex behavior for ``critical'' parameter values at the boundary between frozen and disordered phase, therefore used studies real network problems. We prove here that mean number length attractors in critical random networks connectivity one both increase faster than any power law size. derive these results by generating through growth...

Ecology Letters (2012) Abstract Body‐size structure of food webs and adaptive foraging consumers are two the dominant concepts our understanding how natural ecosystems maintain their stability diversity. The interplay these processes, however, is a critically important yet unresolved issue. To fill this gap in knowledge ecosystem stability, we investigate dynamic random niche model to evaluate proportion persistent species. We show that stronger body‐size structures faster adaptation...

Abstract DNA replication dynamics in cells from higher eukaryotes follows very complex but highly efficient mechanisms. However, the principles behind initiation of potential origins and emergence typical patterns nuclear sites remain unclear. Here, we propose a comprehensive model human that is based on stochastic, proximity-induced initiation. Critical features are: spontaneous stochastic firing individual euchromatin facultative heterochromatin, inhibition at distances below size...

We have studied the Parisi overlap distribution for three dimensional Ising spin glass in Migdal-Kadanoff approximation. For temperatures T around 0.7Tc and system sizes upto L=32, we found a P(q) as expected full replica symmetry breaking, just was also observed recent Monte Carlo simulations on cubic lattice. However, lower our data agree with predictions from droplet or scaling picture. The failure to see model behaviour is due fact that all existing been done at too close transition...

We review the properties of self-organized critical (SOC) forest-fire model. The paradigm criticality refers to tendency certain large dissipative systems drive themselves into a state independent initial conditions and without fine-tuning parameters. After an introduction, we define rules model discuss various large-scale structures which may appear in this system. origin behavior is explained, exponents are introduced, scaling relations between derived. Results computer simulations...

We discuss the properties of a self-organized critical forest-fire model which has been introduced recently [B. Drossel and F. Schwabl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1629 (1992)]. derive scaling laws define exponents. The values these exponents are determined by computer simulations in one to eight dimensions. suggest dimension ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{c}}$=6 above assume their mean-field values. Changing lattice symmetry allowing trees be immune against fire, we show that universal.

We show that the mean number of attractors in a critical Boolean network under asynchronous stochastic update grows like power law and size increases as stretched exponential with system size. This is strong contrast to synchronous case, where faster than any law.

We present a model for the maintenance of sexual reproduction based on availability resources, which is strongest factor determining growth populations. The compares completely asexual species to that switch between and (sexual species). Key features are sets in when resources become scarce, at given place only few genotypes can be same time. show under wide range conditions outcompete ones. win survival harsh death rates high, or so little structured consumer manifold all exploited extent....

The networks of predator-prey interactions in ecological systems are remarkably complex, but nevertheless surprisingly stable terms long term persistence the system as a whole. In order to understand mechanism driving complexity and stability such food webs, we developed an eco-evolutionary model which new species emerge modifications existing ones dynamic determine viable. food-web structure thereby emerges from dynamical interplay between speciation trophic interactions. proposed is less...

This paper is an in depth implementation of the proposal that quantum measurement issue can be resolved by carefully looking at top-down contextual effects within realistic contexts. The specific setup apparatus determines possible events take place. interaction local heat baths with a system plays key role process. In contrast to usual attempts explain decoherence, we argue bath follows unitary time evolution only over limited length and scales thus leads localization stochastic dynamics...

This review is an introduction to theoretical models and mathematical calculations for biological evolution, aimed at physicists. The methods in the field are naturally very similar those used statistical physics, although majority of publications have appeared biology journals. has three parts, which can be read independently. first part deals with evolution fitness landscapes includes Fisher's theorem, adaptive walks, quasispecies models, effects finite population sizes, neutral evolution....

We study diffusion-driven pattern formation in networks of networks, a class multilayer systems, where different layers have the same topology, but internal dynamics. Agents are assumed to disperse within layer by undergoing random walks, while they can be created or destroyed reactions between layer. show that stability homogeneous steady states analyzed with master function approach reveals deep analogy and continuous space. For illustration, we consider generalized model ecological...

To enable reliable cell fate decisions, mammalian cells need to adjust their responses dynamically changing internal states by rewiring the corresponding signaling networks. Here, we combine time-lapse microscopy of endogenous fluorescent reporters with computational analysis understand at single-cell level how p53-mediated DNA damage response is adjusted during cycle progression. Shape-based clustering revealed that dynamics CDK inhibitor p21 diverges from its transcription factor p53 S...

We present the analytic solution of self-organized critical (SOC) forest-fire model in one dimension proving SOC systems without conservation laws by means. Under condition that system is steady state and very close to point, we calculate probability a string $n$ neighboring sites occupied given configuration trees. The exponent describing size distribution forest clusters exactly $\tau = 2$ does not change under certain changes rules. Computer simulations confirm results.