Shear induced alignment of elongated particles is studied experimentally and numerically. We show that shear ensembles macroscopic comparable even on a quantitative level to simple molecular systems, despite the completely different types particle interactions. demonstrate for dry grains preferred orientation forms small angle with streamlines, independent rate across three decades. For given shape, this decreases increasing aspect ratio particles. The shear-induced results in considerable...

AbstractSocioeconomic disparities have been rising on both sides of the Atlantic for last forty years. This study illuminates relationship among economic inequality, other contextual and institutional factors, socioeconomic intraurban segregation in Eastern Europe. We draw our empirical evidence from capital cities so-called fast-track reforming postsocialist countries: Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic. The analysis consists two stages. First, we use traditional indexes to...

The alignment, ordering, and rotation of elongated granular particles was studied in shear flow. time evolution the orientation a large number monitored laboratory experiments by particle tracking using optical imaging x-ray computed tomography. were complemented discrete element simulations. develop an orientational order. In steady state time- ensemble-averaged direction main axis encloses small angle with streamlines. This alignment is independent applied rate, it decreases increasing...

Globally, accelerating urbanization has led to a severe shortage of urban green spaces. This scarcity is particularly acute in inner cities with high population densities and ratios built-up areas. To explore park visitors' usage perceptions, we present the results survey 681 individuals from different socioeconomic groups conducted four small parks Budapest, Hungary's capital. The found that people living near block were their primary users, but many distant areas also visited due good...

Urban sprawl and brownfields are recognized as the main challenges for sustainable land use in post-industrial cities. Using a mixed methodology (GIS interviews) this research aimed to examine relationship between redevelopment process of former Soviet military urban Hungary. Research findings highlighted overall importance regeneration development, however, not all assessed projects appeared be beneficial densification objectives. We could identify two groups those lying within boundaries...

Urban sprawl and brownfields are recognized as the main challenges for sustainable land use in post-industrial cities. Using a mixed methodology (GIS interviews), this research aimed to examine relationship between redevelopment process of former Soviet military urban Hungary. Research findings highlighted overall importance regeneration development; however, not all assessed projects appeared be beneficial densification objectives. We could identify two groups lying within boundaries...

A granular material exposed to shear shows a variety of unique phenomena: Reynolds dilatancy, positional order and orientational effects may compete in the zone. We study packing consisting macroscopic prolate, oblate spherical grains compare their behaviour. X-ray tomography is used determine particle positions orientations cylindrical split bottom cell. Packing densities arrangements individual particles zone are evaluated. For anisometric particles, we observe competition two opposite...

Granular material flowing through bottlenecks like the openings of silos tend to clog and inhibit further flow. We study this phenomenon in a three-dimensional hopper for spherical shape-anisotropic particles by means X-ray tomography. The tomograms provide information on bulk granular filling, allows determine particle positions orientations inside silo. In addition, it calculate local packing densities different parts container. find that zone silo show preferred orientation thereby higher...

Our discrete element simulations and laboratory experiments revealed that density friction are well-defined functions of the effective inertial number, which fully captures effect grain elongation.

The putative inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) elicited a dose-dependent increase in GH secretion from the pituitary of newborn rats. increased within 3 min after GABA administration with peak response at 5–6 min. lowest effective dose agonist muscimol was about 10 times smaller than that GABA. effect antagonized by picrotoxin and bicuculline, suggesting acts GABA-A type receptors. responsiveness to gradually decreased during second third postnatal weeks. If neonatal...

Even though the concept of polycentric urban development has been high on agenda in literature it rarely come to fore academic papers dealing with postsocialist cities. The main aim this paper is analyse evolving pattern metropolitan region Budapest. For purpose study we use commuting data 1990, 2001 and 2011 national census. rapid transformation Budapest after 1989 re-establishment market mechanisms, privatisation housing, liberalisation property market, growing re-integration city world...

For quality assurance of aluminium foams the cell size determination is an important factor. Our micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) equipment capable to image three dimensional structure these such as ALUHAB with a resolution in range 5-50microns. The CT parameters for optimal were determined by varying sample, applied projection number and also X-ray source operating parameters. evaluation software was programmed C language order determine distribution. algorithm increase thin wall...

In this paper we report experiments where shear granular rods in split-bottom geometries, and find that a significant heap of height least 40% the filling can form at particle surface. We show heaping is caused by secondary flow, absent for spherical particles. Flow reversal transiently reverses leading to quick collapse slower regeneration heap. present symmetry argument experimental data generation flow driven misalignment mean orientation with streamlines flow. This general mechanism...

Contemporary urban societies are experiencing growing income inequality and rising socio-spatial differentiation. The implication of space in the reproduction has been extensively discussed literature; however, social consequences spatial hierarchies at microscale largely neglected. Among these hierarchies, unequal distribution socio-economic groups by floors apartment buildings (i.e. vertical segregation) is probably major form micro-segregation. In this study, patterns segregation Athens...

Flow and clogging of granular materials in a 3-dimensional hopper is investigated experimentally. We use X-ray tomography optical methods to study this phenomenon for spherical elongated particles. The tomograms provide information on the bulk filling, allow determine particle positions orientations inside silo, as well spatial variations local packing density. find that particles show preferred orientation thereby an enhanced order flowing zone silo. Similarly simple shear flows, average...

Optimal packings of uniform spheres are solved problems in two and three dimensions. The main difference between them is that the two-dimensional ground state can be easily achieved by simple dynamical processes while dimensions, this impossible due to local global optimal packings. In paper we show experimentally numerically 2 + ε realized a container which one dimension slightly wider than spheres, particles organize themselves triangular lattice, touching either front or rear side...

The stationary flow field in a quasi-two-dimensional hopper is investigated experimentally. behavior of materials consisting beads and elongated particles with different aspect ratio compared. We show, that while the vertical velocity flowing region can be fitted Gaussian function for beads, case grains channel narrower bordered sharper gradient. For this case, we quantify deviations from profile. Relative fluctuations are considerably larger slower grains.

The evolution of wide shear zones or bands was investigated experimentally and numerically for quasistatic dry granular flows in split bottom cells. We compare the behavior materials consisting beads, irregular grains, such as sand, elongated particles. Shearing an initially random sample, zone width found to significantly decrease first stage process. characteristic strain associated with this is about unity it systematically increasing shape anisotropy, i.e., when grain changes from...

The Hungarian economy has gone through rapid transformation and modernization since the political changes of 1989/90. One signs successful economic restructuring re-integration to world economywas growing role creative economy. In present paper we analyse changing geographical pattern in Hungary, based on longitudinal statistical data. Our findings suggest growingcore-periphery relations spatial economy, especially cince recent financial crisis. relative weight Budapest its urban region been...

A tanulmany a budapesti varosterseg kornyezeti hatasait vizsgalja 2003 es 2013 kozott, okologiai labnyom segitsegevel. Hasonloan kelet-kozep-europai terseg mas nagyvarosahoz belső terszerkezete is atalakult rendszervaltozas utan, amikor megindult fiatalabb, vagyonosabb retegek kikoltozese kozponti varosbol az elővarosi ovezetbe. Az ovezet gyorsan novekvő egyre magasabb szinten fogyaszto tarsadalma labnyomaban teruleti atrendeződest eredmenyezett. szerzők kozvetlen lakossagi becslese mellett...

Refraction and deflection of shear zones in layered granular materials were studied experimentally numerically. We show that (i) according to a recent theoretical prediction [T. Unger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 018301 (2007)] refract systems analogy with light refraction, (ii) zone refraction obeys Snell's law known from geometric optics, (iii) under natural pressure conditions (i.e., the presence gravity) can also be deflected by interface, so deformation high friction material is avoided.