Polystyrene−clay nanocomposites have been prepared using a bulk polymerization technique. Three new "onium" salts used to prepare the nanocomposites, two are functionalized ammonium while third is phosphonium salt. By TGA/FTIR, both and treatments shown degrade by Hofmann elimination mechanism at elevated temperatures. TGA/FTIR showed that treatment most thermally stable when compared salts. The were characterized X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, strength elongation...

The changing nature of fire retardancy in polymers chemical aspects thermal decomposition polymeric materials test methods for evaluation efficacy synergists, adjuvants, and antagonists flameretardant systems phosphorus-containing flame retardants char formation intumescence halogen-containing retardant compounds inorganic hydroxides hydroxycarbonates - their function use as flame-retardant additives silicon-based flameretardants solid-state thermochemistry flaming combustion the performance...

Polystyrene−clay and polystyrene−graphite nanocomposites have been prepared used to explore the process by which presence of clay or graphite in a nanocomposite enhances thermal stability polymers. This study has designed determine if paramagnetic iron matrix can result radical trapping thus enhance stability. Nanocomposites were bulk polymerization using both iron-containing iron-depleted clays graphites, they characterized X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy,...

Graphene is prepared from graphite by pressurized oxidation and multiplex reduction. The advantageous in easy operation size-control, the reduction, based on ammonia hydrazine, produces single-atom-thick graphene (0.4–0.6 nm thick) which can be directly observed atomic force microscopy. A masterbatch strategy, feasible "soluble" thermoplastic polymers, developed to disperse into poly(lactic acid) melt blending. well dispersed obtained nanocomposites present markedly improved crystallinity,...

Recently, there has been rapid growth in research related to the synthesis and application of flame retardant polymer–layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites. In order outline potential promote further developments field we have prepared a critical review most recent progress area. We discuss techniques indices (e.g. micro calorimetery, limiting oxygen index, cone calorimetry UL-94) for evaluating properties. The mechanism LDHs, types polymers studied, effect LDH chemical composition...

Polymer−clay nanocomposites of styrene and methyl methacrylate have been prepared by bulk, solution, suspension, emulsion polymerization as well melt blending. Two different organic modifications montmorillonite used:  one contains a styryl monomer on the ammonium ion while other has no double bond. The modification mode preparation determines if material will be exfoliated or intercalated. Exfoliation is more likely to occur bond which can participate in reaction, but mere presence this not...

Nanocomposites of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride with organically modified clays have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy. Their combustion behavior has evaluated using oxygen consumption cone calorimetry. Synergy is observed between the nanocomposite formed conventional vapor phase fire retardants, such as combination decabromodiphenyloxide antimony oxide. The presence bromine does not affect heat release rate curves virgin polymer.

Alkyl carboxylate-modified layered double hydroxides (LDH) were prepared and used as nanofillers for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polystyrene (PS). The LDH intercalated with long-chain linear alkyl carboxylates (CH3(CH2)nCOO−, n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20) via anionic exchange of MgAl–nitrate, showing a systematic increase in basal spacing longer alkyls. MgAl–undecenoate was by co-precipitation. MgAl–LDHs melt blended bulk polymerized styrene to form nanocomposites. dispersion the MgAl–LDH...

Abstract The thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) and its nanocomposite has been studied to determine if the presence clays (anionic cationic) or carbon nanotubes an effect on pathway. Nanocomposite formation established by X‐ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy, investigated cone calorimetry thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), products have with TGA/FT‐IR gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). There are no marked differences in polymer nanocomposites, but occurs...

Nanocomposites of polystyrene and several organophilic clays have been prepared by a bulk polymerization technique. The resulting polymers an intercalated structure show enhanced thermal stability, as measured thermogravimetric analysis cone calorimetry, relative to virgin polystyrene, even when little 0.1% clay has added. © 2000 Society Chemical Industry

New nanocomposites have been prepared using unmodified polypropylene (PP) and a new type of highly dispersed [Zn2Al(OH6)][B4O5(OH)4]0.5 (Zn2Al-borate) [Mg3Al(OH)8][B4O5(OH)4]0.5 (Mg3Al-borate) layered double hydroxides (LDHs). PP/LDHs with LDH loadings 1, 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 wt % by novel solvent mixing method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the precipitated materials form spherical particles an average size ca. 10 μm nanoparticles were well within PP matrix. XRD...