A5061427636- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Seedling growth and survival studies
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Education Systems and Policy
- Environmental Engineering and Cultural Studies
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Water resources management and optimization
- Soil and Land Suitability Analysis
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Advanced optical system design
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Iowa State University
2015-2025
Water Research Australia
2009
Perennial forage grasses can be viewed as modular organisms. The phytomer is usually considered the basic unit of grass plant and consists a leaf blade sheath, internode, node, associated auxiliary bud below point sheath attachment. tiller collection phytomers differentiated from single apical meristem. group tillers that ultimately arise zygote are same genotype. A sward population individual plants, often genetically related, but unique genotypes. developmental morphology perennial swards...
Abstract Current knowledge of yield potential and best agronomic management practices for perennial bioenergy grasses is primarily derived from small‐scale short‐term studies, yet these studies inform policy at the national scale. In an effort to learn more about how perform across multiple locations years, U.S. Department Energy ( US DOE )/Sun Grant Initiative Regional Feedstock Partnership was initiated in 2008. The objectives were (1) provide a wide range information feedstock selection...
The Midwestern U.S. landscape is one of the most highly altered and intensively managed ecosystems in country. predominant crops grown are maize (Zea mays L.) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. They typically as monocrops a simple yearly rotation or with multiple years (2 to 3) followed by single year soybean. This system productive because management systems have been well adapted regional growing conditions through substantial public private investment. Furthermore, markets supporting...
Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) has poor seed establishment in the fall when used as a perennial groundcover corn production. This study was conducted to investigate effect of various treatments and soil amendments on KBG under drought non-drought conditions, simulated growth chamber. The treatments, amendments, irrigation frequency germination shoot dry weight were measured over 21 days controlled environment at °C, 50% RH, exposure constant red light. Hydroloc treatment, lime amendment, Pivot Bio...
Predicting forage quality would help producers schedule hay harvesting to obtain desired quality. Our objective was determine if growing degree day (GDD), of the year (DOY), mean stage count (MSC), and weight (MSW) could be used predict in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM), crude protein (CP), neutral‐detergent fiber (NDF) ‘Trailblazer’ switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ) ‘Pawnee’ big bluestem Andropogon gerardii Vitman) grown Nebraska Kansas. This field study conducted from 1990 1993 at...
Integrating perennial groundcovers (PGC) — sometimes referred to as living mulches or cover crops into annual cash-crop systems could address root causes of bare-soil practices that lead negative impacts on soil and water quality. Perennial bring otherwise absent functional traits namely perenniality preserve regenerate water, carbon, nutrient cycles. However, if not optimized, they can also cause competitive interactions yield loss. When designing PGC systems, the goal is maximize...
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important staple food crop in households worldwide. Genotype and location influence phenotypic nutrient composition. However, there are limited data on the magnitude of this variation for common yield nutritive value. The objective study was to determine effect seed nutritional Four globally varieties (dark red kidney/‘Montcalm’, great northern /‘Taurus’, black /‘Eclipse’ yellow Mayocoba/‘MY06326’) were planted two years four locations (Iowa,...
Integrating alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with corn (Zea mays for grain will increase biodiversity, reduce the negative environmental impact of monoculture and farm profitability. The objectives this research were to evaluate forage productivity nutritive value, along stand establishment in a system Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota. experimental design was randomized complete block four replicates at each site. Treatments included were: sole (i.e., check; T1), (T2), intercropped into (T3),...
While grain crops are meeting much of the initial need for biofuels in US, cellulosic or second generation (2G) materials mandated to provide a growing portion biofuel feedstocks. We sought inform development 2G crop portfolio by assessing profitability novel cropping systems that potentially mitigate negative effects grain-based on food supply and environmental quality. analyzed farm-gate costs returns five from an ongoing experiment central Iowa, USA. The continuous corn system was most...
The intensive corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production practices currently used in the Midwestern U.S. concern producers stakeholders. negative impact of these two-crop rotations on environment affects water quality soil erosion increases flooding risks. Due to concerns, cover crops and, specifically, perennial groundcover (PGC) cropping systems have gained greater interest. These species growing patterns compatible with soybean, can help rebuild ecosystem while...
Perennial groundcover (PGC) has promise as a scalable approach to generating natural resource benefits and sustainable biofuel feedstock while preserving the high yields of annual row crop production. Partnering crops with temporally spatially complementary low-growing, shallow-rooted perennials, such Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis L.), is one example an emerging PGC system. PGC’s ecosystem can only be fully realized if commercial-scale adoption occurs, which hinges on its economic...
Bioenergy cropping systems afford the prospect to provide a more socially and ecologically sustainable bioeconomy. By creating opportunities diversify agroecosystems, bioenergy crops can be used fulfill multiple functions in addition providing environmentally benign fuels. assembled into that both food energy which also cleaner water, improved soil quality, increased carbon sequestration, biological diversity. In so doing, they improve resilience of agroecosystems reduce risks associated...
ABSTRACT Weed control during the establishment year of switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) is critical for a successful stand. Laboratory and field studies were conducted 2 yr to evaluate effectiveness seed safeners protecting from preemergent herbicide metolachlor. Initial evaluations six determined that fluxofenim was only protectant tested seedling germination. Safener rates 0, 25, 50, 100% recommended rate (40 mg a.i. 100 g per seed), method application (coating vs. controlled hydration),...
Sustainable development of the bioenergy industry will depend upon amount and quality feedstock produced. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a model lignocellulosic crop but critical information lacking for improved management, growth, simulation calibration. A field study was conducted near Ames, IA during 2012–2013 with objective to evaluate upland (“Cave-in-Rock”, ‘Trailblazer’ ‘Blackwell’) lowland (“Kanlow” “Alamo”) switchgrass ecotypes harvest timing on morphology (i.e., phenology,...
The lack of seedling emergence uniformity in corn (Zea mays L.) is concerning for producers the Midwestern U.S. These believe that just a few hours delay can increase interplant competition and decrease single-plant yield, thus reducing overall crop yield. It speculated occurs due to variation seed size within commercial bag seed, depth placement at sowing throughout field. Due these concerns, evaluate before sowing. To date, research has investigated dates, growing degree days, or varying...
Intercropping legumes with cereals for forage production is a practical multi-cropping technique to increase yield and improve land use efficiency. In 3-year cropping sequence, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) intercropped corn (Zea mays may overall economic sustainability over either crop alone. The objective of this study was assess productivity corn-alfalfa intercropping system its effect on weed community. conducted near Boone, IA, USA, from 2016 2018 repeated 2017 2019 the five treatments:...
Bioethanol production in the midwestern U.S. has largely focused on maize (Zea mays L.) grain for starch-based ethanol production. There been growing interest lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock biofuels. Because adapted to tropics does not initiate senescence early temperate-adapted maize, using tropical germplasm could improve yield. This study compares suitability of temperate and with differing relative maturities feedstocks bioethanol Field trials were established central Iowa during...
Abstract Removal of crop residue poses negative consequences for soil health, nutrient leaching, and runoff. Perennial groundcovers (PGC) provide a method maintaining health while allowing the sustainable intensification maize ( Zea mays L.) systems biofuel production by providing groundcover several years. However, previous studies have only evaluated few varieties PGC. We conducted 2‐yr study to evaluate compatibility cool‐season turfgrass PGCs under maize. Maize was interplanted into 20...
Core Ideas The accuracy of the Leaf Collar Method was refined. Tropical corn adaptability investigated in central Iowa. Non‐adapted tropical had greater non‐grain and total biomass as compared to their non‐adapted counterparts. Taller populations greatest biomass. Greater occurs at expense grain yield. has potential Gen2 biofuel feedstock. Biofuel production midwestern United States largely focused on ( Zea mays L.) for ethanol more recently, stover lignocellulosic ethanol. refers adapted...
The science behind plants that are grown as crops is essential for confronting many of humankind’s existential challenges [...]
Perennial groundcover (PGC) has great potential to deliver ecosystem service benefits and control weeds in annual row crop systems. Inadequately suppressed PGC, however, acts as an early-season weed, causing a shade avoidance response (SAR) maize (Zea mays L.) before the critical period for weed (CPWC) even with resource abundance. The SAR results from low red far-red light shift, impairing early season plant growth decreasing yield. A field study was conducted Ames, IA, USA assess...
It has been two years since the inaugural issue of Crops was published [...]
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