Water splitting to form hydrogen and oxygen using solar energy in the presence of semiconductor photocatalysts has long been studied as a potential means clean, large-scale fuel production. In general, overall water can be achieved when photocatalyst is modified with suitable cocatalyst. It therefore important develop both cocatalysts. past five years, there significant progress photocatalysis, especially development cocatalysts related physical materials chemistry. This work describes state...

We investigated semiconductor characteristics for polymeric carbon nitride as a metal-free photocatalyst working with visible light and have shown that the efficiency of hydrogen production by photochemical water reduction can be improved ∼1 order magnitude introducing right type mesoporosity into C3N4. anticipate wide rang potential application C3N4 energy transducers artificial photosynthesis in general, especially 3D continuous nanoarchitecture. Moreover, results finding photoactivity...

Overall water splitting to form hydrogen and oxygen over a heterogeneous photocatalyst using solar energy is promising process for clean recyclable production in large-scale. In recent years, numerous attempts have been made the development of photocatalysts that work under visible-light irradiation efficiently utilize energy. This article presents research progress visible-light-driven photocatalysts, focusing on refinement non-oxide-type such as (oxy)nitrides oxysulfides.

Just like a melon: Carbon nitride photocatalysts (see formula) structurally akin to poly(aminoimino)heptazine (Liebig′s melon) can be prepared by direct copolymerization of dicyandiamide with barbituric acid (BA). The picture shows how increasing the amount BA in mixture (arrows) extends optical absorption products further into visible region, as is favorable for solar-energy applications. Detailed facts importance specialist readers are published ”Supporting Information”. Such documents...

Photocatalytic overall water splitting has been studied extensively from the viewpoint of solar energy conversion. Despite numerous attempts, none have yielded satisfactory results for development photocatalysts, which work under visible light irradiation to efficiently utilize energy. We report here first example visible-light-driven on a novel oxynitride photocatalyst, solid solution GaN and ZnO with band gap 2.58-2.76 eV, modified RuO2 nanoparticles. In contrast conventional non-oxide...

Water splitting on illuminated semiconductors has long been studied as a potential means of converting solar energy into chemical in the form H2, clean and renewable carrier. Photocatalytic water through two-step photoexcitation using two different semiconductor powders reversible donor/acceptor pair (so-called shuttle redox mediator) is one possible forms artificial photosynthesis. This system was inspired by natural photosynthesis green plants called "Z-scheme". The development Z-scheme...

Researchers are intensively investigating photochemical water splitting as a means of converting solar to chemical energy in the form fuels. Hydrogen is key fuel because it can be used directly combustion engines or cells, combined catalytically with CO(2) make carbon containing Different approaches include semiconductor particles photocatalysts and photoelectrodes, molecular donor-acceptor systems linked catalysts for hydrogen oxygen evolution, photovoltaic cells coupled indirectly...

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with a band gap of 2.7 eV is studied as nonmetallic photocatalyst for H2 or O2 evolution from water under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The g-C3N4 catalyst exhibits activities reduction into oxidation in the presence proper sacrificial electron donor acceptor, respectively, even without need precious metal cocatalysts. When bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)platinum complex [Pt(cod)2] (a nonionic complex) used precursor Pt cocatalyst instead H2PtCl6 (an ionic...

Sulfur-mediated synthesis has been developed to modify the texture, optical and electronic properties, as well photocatalytic functions of a carbon nitride semiconductor. The water oxidation reaction achieved at moderate rate with only photocatalysts without aid co-factors.

A two-step photocatalytic water splitting (Z-scheme) system consisting of a modified ZrO2/TaON species (H2 evolution photocatalyst), an O2 photocatalyst, and reversible donor/acceptor pair (i.e., redox mediator) was investigated. Among the photocatalysts mediators examined, Pt-loaded WO3 (Pt/WO3) IO3−/I− were respectively found to be most active components. Combining these two components with achieved stoichiometric into H2 under visible light, achieving apparent quantum yield 6.3%...

Background: The retear rate following rotator cuff repair is variable. Recent biomechanical studies have demonstrated that double-row tendon-to-bone fixation excels in initial strength and footprint coverage compared with the single-row or transosseous methods. This study was designed to report integrity clinical outcome arthroscopic repair. Methods: A consecutive series of 106 patients full-thickness tears underwent use suture anchors were followed prospectively. Twenty lacked complete...

"Waterproof" coats: Rh/Cr2O3 (core/shell) nanoparticles supported on a (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) solid solution are synthesized by an in situ photodeposition method. These (see picture) used as promoter for overall water splitting upon visible-light irradiation (λ>400 nm). Without the Cr2O3 shell is formed from H2 and O2 undesired back reaction.

A heterogeneous photocatalyst system that consists of a ruthenium complex and carbon nitride (C3N4), which act as the catalytic light-harvesting units, respectively, was developed for reduction CO2 into formic acid. Promoting injection electrons from C3N4 unit well strengthening electronic interactions between two units enhanced its activity. The use suitable solvent further improved performance, resulting in turnover number greater than 1000 an apparent quantum yield 5.7% at 400 nm. These...

A metal-free organic semiconductor of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) coupled with a Ru(II) binuclear complex (RuRu′) containing photosensitizer and catalytic units selectively reduced CO2 into HCOOH under visible light (λ > 400 nm) in the presence suitable electron donor high durability, even aqueous solution. Modification C3N4 Ag nanoparticles resulted RuRu′/Ag/C3N4 photocatalyst that exhibited very turnover number (>33000 respect to amount RuRu′), while maintaining selectivity...

A hybrid for the visible-light-driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using methanol as a reducing agent was developed by combining two different types photocatalysts: Ru(II) dinuclear complex (RuBLRu') used is adsorbed onto Ag-loaded TaON (Ag/TaON) oxidation. Isotope experiments clearly showed that this photocatalyst mainly produced HCOOH (TN = 41 9 h irradiation) from and HCHO methanol. Therefore, it converted light energy into chemical (ΔG° +83.0 kJ/mol). Photocatalytic reaction proceeds...

In harmony: Nanoparticles of Mn3O4 and core/shell-structured Rh/Cr2O3 as cocatalysts on the surface a solid solution GaN ZnO catalyst promote O2 H2 evolution, respectively, under visible light (λ>420 nm), thereby achieving enhanced water-splitting activity compared to analogues modified with either or Rh/Cr2O3. Detailed facts importance specialist readers are published "Supporting Information". Such documents peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited typeset. They made available submitted by...

Ordered mesoporous carbon nitride shows improved photoactivity and is promising as a host semiconductor scaffold for the design of hybrid visible-light-sensitive catalysts, it enables co-assembly chromophoric antenna molecules, water-reduction catalysts (here exemplified by Pt), and/or water-oxidation complexes into matrix, thus generating new type biomimetic photocatalyst system water splitting chemistry but also selective organic synthesis.

Highly efficient water oxidation utilizing visible photons of up to 600 nm is a crucial step in artifical photosynthesis. Here we present highly active photocatalyst for visible-light-driven oxidation, consisting single-crystalline meso- and macroporous LaTiO2N (LTON) with band gap 2.1 eV, earth-abundasnt cobalt oxide (CoOx) as cocatalyst. The optimized CoOx/LTON had high quantum efficiency 27.1 ± 2.6% at 440 nm, which substantially exceeds the values reported previous particulate...

Germanium nitride β-Ge3N4 dispersed with RuO2 nanoparticles is presented as the first example of a non-oxide photocatalyst for stoichiometric decomposition H2O into H2 and O2. All successful photocatalysts developed overall water splitting over past 30 years have been based on oxides metals. The discovery photocatalyst, such nitrides oxynitrides, achieving same function therefore expected to stimulate research photocatalysts. New opportunities progress in development visible light-driven...

The physical and photocatalytic properties of a novel solid solution between GaN ZnO, (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx), are investigated. Nitridation mixture Ga2O3 ZnO at 1123 K for 5−30 h under NH3 flow results in the formation (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx) with x = 0.05−0.22. With increasing nitridation time, zinc oxygen concentrations decrease due to reduction volatilization zinc, crystallinity band gap energy product increase. highest activity overall water splitting is obtained 0.12 after 15 h. catalyst also...