Mechanical properties of frozen soils (e.g., triaxial compressive strength, σtc and Young’s modulus, E) are important in tunnel, shaft, or open pit excavation projects. Although numerous attempts have been made to develop indirect methods estimate unfrozen soils’ E values, this has not done with given the difficulty preparing conducting relevant laboratory tests. In study, accuracy artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM)...

The mechanical properties of frozen ground are key parameters in design and implementation artificial freezing (AGF) underground projects. Soil samples were obtained from the urban railway project site Tabriz, Iran. specimens classified as SP CL according to USCS. remolded accordance with conditions. Over 120 triaxial compression tests conducted on at different temperatures, confining pressures strain rates. results show that soils exhibit strain-softening strain-hardening behaviour,...

To investigate the stress–strain behavior of frozen soils, a program triaxial compression tests was designed and carried out on samples unfrozen cohesive (CL) granular (SP) soils pure ice. The experiments involved study influence freezing, temperature reduction, loading rate characteristics ground. aim this is to assess possibility using artificial ground freezing (AGF) technique in excavation tunneling Line 2 Tabriz Subway project. results show that CL soil has no significant effect type...

Pile installation is slope stabilisation technique that can improve stability of multi layered slopes by providing passive forces. This paper presents the results experimental and numerical models for behaviour isotropic anisotropic pile-stabilised sandy under surcharge loads. The aim to determine optimal arrangement pile rows about factors influencing response. Effects various parameters on were studied: group length (h), rows' distance from toe (Lx), number (N0), embedded piles in...

This paper summarizes the results of small-scale laboratory modelling pile behavior under lateral loading, considering parameters such as short or long, single group, spacing and rigidity flexibility piles. The head piles was fixedly connected to cap. In addition, PIV method has been used examine effect mentioned on failure mechanism pile-soil interaction more accurately. show that have a rigid movement, displacement surrounding soil occurred along total length rotate around point but long...

Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is one of the bio‐cementation methods for improving granular soils. This study evaluate feasibility obtaining a bacterial solution with high optical density and urease activity by an inexpensive corn steep liquor (CSL) medium in non‐sterile conditions order to achieve sand improvement. Corn media different concentrations (different dilution rates) were prepared and, without any autoclaving (non‐sterile conditions), percentage inoculum...

Background. In this research, the potential of microbially induced carbonate precipitation method for surface treatment sand samples Jabal Kandi dunes, located in adjacency Urmia Lake northwest Iran, was considered. Methods. Sporosarcina pasteurii used as ureolytic bacteria preparation microbial solution. Corn steep liquor containing urea an inexpensive growth media. The effects concentration cementation solution and number cycles were Because presence some hydrolyzed prepared suspension,...

In this research, the potential of using microbial-induced carbonate precipitation method was considered for stabilization sand corn steep liquor, byproduct Glucosan Factory (Qazvin, Iran) and an inexpensive culture media preparation bacterial suspensions. Sporosarsina pasteurii, a urease-producing bacterium, used preparing suspension. The aim also to compare use industrial dehydrate calcium chloride tetra hydrate nitrate as reagents in cementation solutions treat loose silica samples...

The design of retaining walls depends on the magnitude active pressure exerted from backfill. Therefore, estimating scale this is a fundamental factor in design. In study, to assess earth pressure, rigid wall was built capable translating and/or rotating with adjustable speed. Further, several physical tests were conducted laboratory under influence uniform surcharge. order evaluate behavior soil and failure wedge, circular flat cells particle image velocimetry method used. results indicated...

The shallow tunnelling with large diameter leads to the vertical and lateral ground movements, which could adversely affect abutting structures. Preventive measures such as diaphragm walls, jet grouting columns, a row of soldier piles can effectively protect adjacent structures from possible damages. This research specifically assesses effectiveness reduce settlements buildings using three-dimensional simulations finite difference approach. Moreover, relationship between performance major...

Reinforcing soils with the geosynthetics have been shown to be an effective method for improving uplift capacity of granular soils. The pull-out resistance reinforcing elements is one most notable factors in increasing capacity. In this paper, a new element including (anchors) attached ordinary geogrid reinforcement, used. Thus, reinforcement consists and anchors cylindrical plastic it, namely grid-anchors. A three-dimensional numerical study, employing commercial finite difference software...

Generally, urban traffic management evaluates micro-scale projects based on indices, such as travel time, that ignore the sustainability criteria and impacts of changes adjacent areas. Therefore, aim is to assess congestion removal highways with a wider vision. Five proposed scenarios were evaluated using ten sustainable transportation indicators (STIs) represent various aspects sustainability. Scenarios simulated in Aimsun, STIs derived directly indirectly from outputs. The results showed...

Background. In recent decades, the microbial and plant-derived urease have been used for sand stabilization by calcium carbonate precipitation method, especially with Sporosarcina pasteurii. However, using has received less attention. Purchasing extracted purified commercially available improvement is costly. The urease-containing crude extract (enzyme substance) cheaper than (commercial) urease. present study, feasibility of enzyme-induced method was investigated (extracted from soybean)....

The unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to road and transport sectors necessitated an in-depth exploration of innovative solutions address disruptions. Through a quantitative approach involving purposive sampling professionals from webinar series, we assessed pandemic's impact potential emergent technologies, chiefly Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) reinforcement learning. structured questionnaire, focusing particularly on pandemic’s ramifications, unveiled...

Abstract Many researchers have evaluated different parameters that can affect the mechanical behavior of sands. However, most conducted investigations considered drained and undrained stress–strain paths as limiting boundaries behavior; recently applied studies indicated this assumption cannot be accurate for all situations. In paper, by using expansive contractive strain (in addition to conventional constant volume path), partially responses sands are simulated. Influences grain size...