Abstract Competitive athletes are confronted with a number of adjustments during the career ambition process. In present study, 48 former elite-level sup plied information about their financial, occupational, emotional, and social adjustment to retirement from sport. Athletic identity at time was also assessed, along self-reported use various coping strategies perceived quality retirement. Results indicated that acceptance, positive reinterpretation, planning, active were most frequently...

Objective: To investigate whether 12 weeks of graded exercise with pacing would improve specific physiological, psychological and cognitive functions in people chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Human performance laboratory at the University Western Australia. Participants: 61 patients aged between 16 74 years diagnosed CFS. Interventions: Either (32 patients) or relaxation/flexibility therapy (29 performed twice a day over weeks. Main outcome...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine how a sample elite athletes coped with distressful reactions retirement from sport. As part larger research project, 15 former were identified as having experienced severe emotional difficulties upon athletic career termination. Through use micronarrative methodology, it determined that account making can be significant moderator distress during the transition process. In addition, quality found related present affect and overall success in...

Five men undertook two intensive interval training sessions per day for 10 days, followed by 5 days of active recovery. Subjects supplied a venous blood sample and completed mood-state questionnaire on 1, 6, 11 16 the study. Performance capabilities were assessed using timed treadmill test to exhaustion at 18 kmh-1 1% grade. These individuals became acutely overtrained as indicated significant reductions in running performance from 1 11. The state was accompanied severe fatigue, immune...

To investigate the effect of a supervised home-based exercise program on recurrence and severity gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) together with other aspects maternal health obstetric neonatal outcomes.This randomized controlled trial allocated women history GDM to an intervention (14-week stationary cycling program) or control group (standard care) at 13±1 weeks gestation. The primary outcome was diagnosis GDM. Secondary outcomes included fitness, psychological well-being, outcomes. A...

Self-protection and self-enhancement were investigated in a field study of female athletes who vying for selection state all-star teams. Participants completed the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS; Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder, 1993 B. W., J. L. D. E. 1993. identity: Hercules' muscles or achilles heel?. International Journal Sport Psychology, 24: 237–254. [Web Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) on three occasions, changes over time compared players made team did not make team. Findings...

Abstract Fan identification refers to the psychological connection that individuals have with sport teams. This study sought determine whether fans possessing different levels of respond differently antecedents aggressive spectator behaviors are addressed by theory planned behavior. Fans four professional teams (N = 231) were placed in one three groups based on their scores for fan strength. Consistent hypotheses, highly identified felt less control over behavior at games than moderately and...

Eight international baseball pitchers were filmed in a laboratory while throwing from pitching rubber attached to Kistler force platform. Following warm-up, all subjects threw fastballs (FB) until two strike pitches assessed by an umpire positioned behind the catcher for both wind-up and set techniques. Subjects then followed same procedures curveball (CB). Both vertical (Z) horizontal (Y) ground reaction (GRF) data recorded. A shutter correlation pulse was encoded so temporal film could be...

Three-dimensional (3-D) high speed photography was used to record the fastball (FB) and curveball (CB) actions of six members Australian National pitching squad. The direct linear transformation (DLT) method motion analysis for 3-D space reconstruction from 2-D images movement selected anatomical features. Laterally positioned phase-locked cameras operating at 200 fps a front-on camera 300 were action. Mean velocities FB CB recorded. A kinematic two motions first balance point following...

Abstract We report the initial validation of a multi‐component assessment model for monitoring training distress among athletes. The combines measures mood disturbance with perceived stress and symptom intensity. Altogether, 492 athletes completed 10‐item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10; Cohen et al ., 1983), 24‐item Brunel Mood (BRUMS; Terry al. , 2003), checklist 19 symptoms associated acute overtraining (Fry 1994). Six factors were identified by an exploratory factor analysis: “depressed...

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the role efficacy beliefs in predicting perceptions relationship quality (i.e., closeness, commitment, and complementarity) within coach—athlete dyads. Data from 63 youth athletes their coaches were analyzed using actor—partner interdependence models revealed actor effects for self-efficacy on complementarity (for both dyad members) closeness only). A number partner emerged other-efficacy relation-inferred self-efficacy. However, magnitude,...

A relative age effect has been identified in Masters sports (Medic, Starkes, & Young, 2007). Since gender, age, and type of sport have found to influence the youth (Musch Grondin, 2001), we examined how these three variables influenced possible effects among swimmers track field athletes. Using archived data between 1996 2006, frequency participation entries record-setting performances at US championships were as a function an individual's constituent year within any 5-year category. Study 1...

It has been purported that inflammatory cytokines may be responsible for the aetiology of overtraining. The aim present study was to investigate relationship between self-reported measures overtraining and cytokines. Eight elite male rowers were monitored in their natural training environment 8 weeks prior 2007 Rowing World Championships. During this period intense endurance training, self-report (Interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha)...

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare Australian tennis coaches’ frequency use, and perceived effectiveness, 13 self-efficacy building strategies those American coaches. Subjects were 60 coaches coaching at club or state level. Results indicated that used all designed enhance selfefficacy a moderate degree found these techniques be least moderately effective. most often-used self-efficacy, as well effective, included encouraging positive self-talk, modeling confidence...

Numerous studies have assessed physical function in individuals suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) but neglected to match control subjects according current activity levels, consequently casting doubt on reported results. The purpose of this study was include levels as one criterion for matching CFS with healthy order more accurately assess these subjects.Thirty-one were matched age, gender, body mass, height, and levels. Physiological weekly over a 4-wk period using submaximal...

Research into mental health and employment has focused largely on people who are unemployed. This paper reports the experiences of 20 clients support agencies had succeeded in returning to work. A number barriers getting back work were identified, but receiving could enable overcome them. There was consistency with previous studies factors associated high low levels job satisfaction. Even those participants less satisfied their jobs identified benefits none described any negative effects....