A5041290804- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- GNSS positioning and interference
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Space exploration and regulation
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry
Boston University
2014-2023
British Museum
2012
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
2003
Astronomy and Space
1991
A new low‐light‐level, all‐sky, 6300 Å airglow imaging system has been developed for ground‐based studies of the optical signatures equatorial plasma depletions. The was designed narrowband interference filters (6 full width at half power) with interchangeable all‐sky (180°) and narrow‐field (60°) lenses records images photographically by using a standard 35 mm camera. field test apparatus conducted on Ascension Island (8.0°S, 14.4°W) from January 24 to February 10, 1981. photographs were...
The problem of day‐to‐day variability in the occurrence equatorial spread F (ESF) is addressed using multidiagnostic observations and semiempirical modeling. observational results are derived from a two‐night case study ESF onset conditions observed at Kwajalein Atoll (Marshall Islands) ALTAIR incoherent scatter radar all‐sky optical imaging techniques. major difference between nights when instabilities did not occur (August 14, 1988) 15, sector was that northern meridional gradient 6300‐Å...
Pilot observations were conducted at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, using an all‐sky, image‐intensified CCD camera system in conjunction with radar, ionosonde, and Global Positioning System (GPS) diagnostic systems during the periods January 19–28, 1993, February 21 to August 22, 1995. These represent first use of campaign mode operations imager Arecibo for extended F region observations. The 1993 period (the so‐called “10‐day run”) yielded a rich data set gravity wave signatures, perhaps case direct...
All‐sky imaging data of 630.0 nm airglow emissions are used to study the seasonal and solar activity dependence medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18.3° N, 66.7° W, 28° N mag lat). MSTIDs typical F‐region signatures at midlatitudes, yet limited statistical results in American sector hindered progress our understanding these dynamical structures. This compiles from 2002 2007 shows for first time that optically‐determined Arecibo present a...
Abstract During the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, citizen scientist observations from Dunedin (45.95°S, 170.32°E), New Zealand, revealed a bright wide red arc known as stable auroral (SAR) evolving into thin white‐mauve arc, Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE). An all‐sky imager at Mount John Observatory (43.99°S, 170.46°E), 200 km north of Dunedin, detected an extremely in 630.0 nm, with peak ∼6 kR, colocated measured assumed height 425 km. Swarm satellite data plasma...
All‐sky imagers located at Tucumán, Argentina (26.9°S, 65°W, 14.2°S dip latitude), and Arequipa, Perú (16.5°S, 71.5°W, 2.7°S are used to track 630 nm airglow depletion motions in the first use of multisite for studies low‐latitude plasma dynamics. A new image analysis technique yields a consistent determination nighttime zonal drifts from all‐sky images motions. The observed eastward smaller Arequipa than Tucumán postsunset period. During postmidnight hours, opposite pattern occurs. These...
On-orbit firings of both liquid and solid rocket motors provide localized disturbances to the plasma in upper atmosphere. Large amounts energy are deposited ionosphere form expanding exhaust vapors which change composition flow velocity. Charge exchange between neutral molecules background ions (mainly O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) yields energetic ion beams. The rapidly moving pickup excite instabilities yield...
In 1973, the launch of Skylab created a ~50% depletion in daytime ionosphere over N. Atlantic Ocean that lasted for hours. This effect was discovered data being routinely gathered by radio receivers monitoring Total Electron Content (TEC) using Faraday rotation signal from ATS-3 geostationary satellite. &#8220;ionospheric hole&#8221; H2O and H2 rocket exhaust reacting with ambient O+ F region. reaction is ~2 orders magnitude faster than &#8220;normal&#8221; between O2....
Imaging measurements of a bright wave event in the nighttime mesosphere were made on 14 November 1999 at two sites separated by over 500 km southwestern United States. The was characterized sharp onset series extensive wavefronts that propagated across entire sky. waves easily visible to naked eye, and observed for least 5 hours. using three wide‐angle imaging systems located Boston University field station McDonald Observatory (MDO), Fort Davis, Texas, Starfire Optical Range (SOR),...
We report on the first imaging observations of stationary mesospheric gravity‐waves in three nightglow emissions OH (695–1050 nm), Na (589.3 nm) and O( 1 S) (557.7 nm). The waves were observed all‐sky images at El Leoncito Observatory (ELO), Argentina (31.8°S, 69.3°W), during period 1–8 July 2008. Over course each night, band‐like wave features exhibited a zero or near‐zero horizontal phase speed had lifetimes several hours. These factors, coupled with winds measured locally, orientation to...
Night‐time measurements using a bare CCD all‐sky imaging system have detected the presence of an extensive region neutral sodium emission (589.1 nm) in direction anti‐solar/lunar points. The was observed to occur during nights 21–22 August and 18–20 November, 1998 UT, centered on new Moon period. is most likely source sodium, making this first detection lunar tail out distance hundreds radii. greater brightness feature 19 November attributed Leonid meteor shower which peaked 17 1998, less...
As part of the NSF/CEDAR program (Coupling Energetics and Dynamics Atmospheric Regions) in Multi‐Instrumented Studies Equatorial Thermospheric Aeronomy (MISETA), an all‐sky CCD airglow imaging system has been operation Arequipa, Peru, since October 1993. Here we report on first such use a wide‐field imager to document optical signature variability brightness feature associated with so‐called midnight temperature maximum (MTM). While theo observational driver this study is “brightness wave”...
Observations from the Boston University all‐sky imaging system at Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18.3°N, 66.7°W, 28°N mag), show an unusual behavior of nighttime 630.0‐nm airglow depletions. Associated with equatorial spread‐F (ESF), these structures move eastward before reversing their motion and become enhancements. Few other cases have been found, all during December solstices. For case study presented here, data Arecibo incoherent scatter radar Republic China Scientific Satellite (ROCSAT‐1)...
[1] All-sky imaging systems at Arecibo, Puerto Rico (18.3°N, 66.7°W, +28° mag. lat.), and Mercedes, Argentina (34.6°S, 59.4°W, −24.6° are used to study ionospheric conjugate processes lower midlatitudes. For the first time in American sector simultaneous occurrence both hemispheres of medium-scale traveling disturbances has been observed. The year observations yielded 43 nights (∼40%) with airglow bands. Supporting information from GPS receivers indicate presence vertical total electron...
Abstract All‐sky images obtained with the Boston University all‐sky imaging system located at Mount John Observatory, New Zealand (43.98°S, 170.42°E) show clear evidence of dynamic coupling between mesosphere and thermosphere. Gravity wave (GW) breaking events in upper altitudes (z) 80 to 100 km were observed 557.7 nm emission on evening 4 March 2009 from 08:40 13:50 UT. During this time, unusual oppositely propagating weak northwestward (NW‐ward) strong southeastward (SE‐ward) GWs...
Abstract An all‐sky imaging system at the McDonald Observatory (30.67°N, 104.02°W, 40° magnetic latitude) showed dramatic ionospheric effects during a moderate geomagnetic storm on 1 June 2013. The auroral zone expanded, leading to observation of stable red (SAR) arc. Airglow depletions associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) were also seen for first time such high latitude. Total electron content measurements from Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver exhibited irregularities typically...
Abstract Since 1987, an all‐sky airglow imaging system has operated from a site at the Millstone Hill/Haystack Observatory in Westford, MA. During ~2.5 solar cycles 1987 to 2014, many studies using images, conjunction with incoherent scatter radar and satellite data, described subauroral, ionospheric disturbances observed during individual geomagnetic storms. The most prominent storm time optical feature subauroral is stable auroral red (SAR) arc. standard use of SAR arc's position locate...
Abstract Observations of a pair mesospheric bore disturbances that propagated through the nighttime mesosphere over Europe are presented. The observations were made at Padua Observatory, Asiago (45.9°N, 11.5°E), by Boston University all‐sky imager on 11 March 2013. bores appeared northwest horizon, approximately 30 min apart, and toward southeast. Using additional satellite radar data, we present evidence indicating originated in from single, larger‐scale disturbance propagating mesopause...
We present observations of the lunar sodium atmosphere during four eclipses between 1993 and 1997. With Moon inside magnetosphere, therefore shielded from solar wind impact, we find its Na to be comparable in abundance cases near first third quarter, implying that ion sputtering is not a significant source atmosphere. The azimuthally symmetric, it extends beyond field view our (∼12 Lunar radii). average atmospheric profile best characterized by anr−1.4radial power law, close for an entirely...
Monochromatic imaging instrumentation has been developed that uses narrow-band [12-Å full width at half maximum (FWHP)] interference filters or plane reflection gratings for 2-D and spectrograph applications. By changing the optics in front of filter grating, field view instruments can be varied from 180 deg (all sky) to 6 (narrow field). In case monochromatic imager, 12-mm-diam. filtered image is formed ~<i>f</i>/1 on input photocathode an intensified CCD camera (380 x 488 pixels)....
Optical diagnostic techniques have been applied to studies of equatorial aeronomy for nearly half a century. The use scanning photometers and two-dimensional imagers observe the spatial patterns associated with low-latitude emissions has an increasingly used approach during last few decades. In this paper we review rationale all-sky cameras at latitudes, particular emphasis on quantitative information about structures dynamics that can be extracted from airglow images. new imaging science...