A5023850124- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Climate variability and models
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2015-2024
University of California, Santa Cruz
2005-2024
NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center
2015-2024
NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service
2015-2024
University of Konstanz
2021
Norwegian Polar Institute
2020
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency
2020
Universität Hamburg
2020
Stony Brook University
2005-2019
Ecological Society of America
2016-2019
Cause or Correlation? Three centuries ago, Bishop Berkeley's 1710 classic “A treatise on the nature of human knowledge,” first spelled out “correlation vs. causation” dilemma. Sugihara et al. (p. 496 , published online 20 September) present an approach to this conundrum, and extend current discussions about causation dynamic systems with weak moderate coupling (such as ecosystems). The resulting method, convergent cross mapping can detect causal linkages between time series.
Fishery management plans ignore the potential for evolutionary change in harvestable biomass. We subjected populations of an exploited fish ( Menidia menidia ) to large, small, or random size-selective harvest adults over four generations. Harvested biomass evolved rapidly directions counter size-dependent force fishing mortality. Large-harvested initially produced highest catch but quickly a lower yield than controls. Small-harvested did reverse. These shifts were caused by selection...
Abstract Forage fish play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and economies worldwide by sustaining many predators fisheries directly indirectly. We estimate global forage contributions to through synthesis of 72 published E copath models from around the world. Three distinct were examined: (i) ecological support service ecosystems, (ii) total catch value (iii) other commercially targeted predators. use varied exhibited patterns across latitudes ecosystem types. supported kinds predators,...
Knowledge of geographic and temporal scales adaptive genetic variation is crucial to species conservation, yet understanding these phenomena, particularly in marine systems, scant. Until recently, the belief has been that because most have highly dispersive or mobile life stages, local adaptation could occur only on broad scales. This view supported by comparatively low levels among populations as detected neutral markers. Similarly, time scale divergence also assumed be very long, requiring...
Evidence shows that species interactions are not constant but change as the ecosystem shifts to new states. Although controlled experiments and model investigations demonstrate how nonlinear can arise in principle, empirical tools track predict them nature lacking. Here we present a practical method, using available time-series data, measure forecast changing real systems, identify underlying mechanisms. The method is illustrated with data from marine mesocosm experiment limnologic field...
Parallel and idiosyncratic fish adaptation Fish populations respond rapidly to fishing pressure. Within a handful of generations, marked phenotypic change can occur—often smaller body sizes, because it is the big that are usually extracted. Therkildsen et al. examined wild ancestor lineages found polygenic mechanisms underpin this rapid evolutionary capacity (see Perspective by Jørgensen Enberg). Phenotypic happened in two ways: first, multiple small parallel changes hundreds unlinked genes...
Scientists and resource managers need to know life history parameters (e.g., average mortality rate, individual growth maximum length or mass, timing of maturity) understand respond risks natural populations ecosystems. For over 100 years, scientists have identified "life invariants" (LHI) representing pairs whose ratio is theorized be constant across species. LHI then promise allow prediction many from field measurements a few important traits. Using in this way, however, neglects any...
Abstract Declines in animal body sizes are widely reported and likely impact ecological interactions ecosystem services. For harvested species subject to multiple stressors, limited understanding of the causes consequences size declines impedes prediction, prevention, mitigation. We highlight widespread Pacific salmon based on 60 years measurements from 12.5 million fish across Alaska, last largely pristine North American salmon-producing region. size, primarily resulting shifting age...
Evolutionary responses to the long-term exploitation of individuals from a population may include reduced growth rate, age at maturation, body size and productivity. Theoretical models suggest that these genetic changes be slow or impossible reverse but rigorous empirical evidence is lacking. Here, we provide first demonstration genetically based reversal fishing-induced evolution. We subjected six populations silverside fish (Menidia menidia) three forms size-selective fishing for five...
For many marine species and habitats, climate change overfishing present a double threat. To manage resources effectively, it is necessary to adapt management changes in the physical environment. Simple relationships between environmental conditions fish abundance have long been used both fisheries fishery management. In cases, however, physical, biological, human variables feed back on each other. these systems, associations can as system evolves time. This obscure population dynamics...
Many ectotherms exhibit striking latitudinal gradients in lifespan. However, it is unclear whether lifespan distantly related taxa share a common mechanistic explanation. We compiled data on geographic variation from around the globe to determine how much of this intraspecific may be explained by temperature using simple predictions metabolic theory ecology. found that accurately predicts varies with within species wide range both controlled laboratory experiments and free-living...
Accurate predictions of species abundance remain one the most vexing challenges in ecology. This observation is perhaps unsurprising, because population dynamics are often strongly forced and highly nonlinear. Recently, however, numerous statistical techniques have been proposed for fitting parameterized mechanistic models to complex time series, potentially providing machinery necessary generating useful predictions. Alternatively, there a wide variety comparatively simple model-free...
Climate change continues to impact species worldwide. Understanding and predicting how populations will respond is of clear importance. Here, we review a mechanism by which may rapidly these changes: Trans-Generational Plasticity (TGP). TGP exists when the environment experienced parents affects shape reaction norm in their offspring; that is, parental offspring environments interact determine phenotype. We survey 80 empirical studies from 63 (32 orders, 9 phyla) demonstrate TGP. Overall,...
Maternal effects are increasingly recognized as important drivers of population dynamics and determinants evolutionary trajectories. Recently, there has been a proliferation studies finding or citing positive relationship between maternal size/age offspring size quality. The phenotype is intriguing in that it unclear why young mothers should produce inferior quality fitness. Here we evaluate the underlying pressures may lead to size/age-offspring correlation consider likelihood such results...
Abstract Successfully predicting the future states of systems that are complex, stochastic, and potentially chaotic is a major challenge. Model forecasting error ( FE ) usual measure success; however model predictions provide no insights into potential for improvement. In short, realized predictability specific uninformative about whether system inherently predictable or chosen poor match our observations thereof. Ideally, proficiency would be judged with respect to systems’ intrinsic...
Abstract Several recent studies have demonstrated that rapid growth early in life leads to decreased physiological performance. Nearly all involved experiments over short time periods (<1 day) control for potentially confounding effects of size. This approach, however, neglects the benefits an individual accrues by growing. The net effect can only be evaluated a longer interval which rapidly growing individuals are allowed required attain expected large We used two populations Menidia...
The potential of fishing mortality to cause rapid evolutionary changes in life history has received relatively little attention. By focusing only on ecological responses, standard fisheries theory and practice implicitly assume either that genetic influences the wild are negligible or natural selection adaptation is a slow process can be effectively ignored. Lack contrary evidence allowed these assumptions persist. Drawing upon >25 years research Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), we...
Although fitness typically increases with body size and selection gradients on are generally positive, much of this information comes from terrestrial taxa. In the early life history fish, there is evidence both for against larger size, leaving open question whether general pattern taxa valid fish. We reviewed studies size-dependent survival in fish obtained estimates standardized differentials 40 studies. found that 77% estimated favored strength was more than five times seen Selection...
Journal Article Fundamental Contradictions in Cultural Competence Get access Yvonne M. Johnson, PhD, MSc, LCSW, LCSW assistant professor School of Social Work, Rutgers University, The State University New Jersey, 536 George Street, Brunswick, NJ 08901 Address correspondence to 08901; e-mail: yjohnson@ssw.rutgers.edu. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shari Munch, MSW, associate Volume 54, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 220–231,...
Much work has shown that the environment can induce non-genetic changes in phenotype span multiple generations. Theory predicts predictable environmental variation selects for both increased within- and across-generation responses. Yet, to best of our knowledge, there are no empirical tests this prediction. We explored relationship between versus plasticity by evaluating influence predator cues on life-history traits Daphnia ambigua . measured duration predator-induced transgenerational...
Environmental signals can induce phenotypic changes that span multiple generations. Along with responses occur during development (i.e. 'within-generation' plasticity), such 'transgenerational plasticity' (TGP) has been documented in a diverse array of taxa spanning many environmental perturbations. New theory predicts temporal stability is key driver the evolution TGP. We tested this prediction using natural populations zooplankton from lakes Connecticut large gradient dynamics...
The differences in demographic and life-history processes between organisms living the same population have important consequences for ecological evolutionary dynamics. Modern statistical computational methods allow investigation of individual shared (among homogeneous groups) determinants observed variation growth. We use an Empirical Bayes approach to estimate somatic growth using a von Bertalanffy model with random effects. To illustrate power generality method, we consider two...