Heat waves are becoming increasingly common due to climate change, making it crucial identify and understand the capacities for insect pollinators, such as honey bees, avoid overheating. We examined effects of hot, dry air temperatures on physiological behavioral mechanisms that bees use fly when carrying nectar loads, assess how foraging is limited by overheating or desiccation. found flight muscle increased linearly with load mass at 20 30 °C, but, remarkably, there was no change...

ABSTRACT While multiple studies have shown that honey bees and some other flying insects lower their flight metabolic rates when at high air temperatures, critics suggested such patterns result from poor experimental methods as, theoretically, temperature should not appreciably affect aerodynamic force requirements. Here, we show apparently contradictory can be reconciled by considering the thermal performance curve of muscle. We prior found no effects on metabolism achieved muscle...

Over decades, pesticide regulations have cycled between approval and implementation, followed by the discovery of negative effects on nontarget organisms that result in new regulations, pesticides, harmful effects. This relentless pattern undermines capacity to protect environment from hazards frustrates end users need pest management tools. Wild pollinating insects are decline, managed pollinators such as honey bees experiencing excessive losses, which threatens sustainable food security...

Performance benefits of stable, warm muscles are believed to be important for the evolution endothermy in mammals, birds and flying insects. However, thermal performance curves have never been measured a free-flying endotherm, as it is challenging vary body temperatures these animals, maximal flight difficult elicit. We varied air gas densities manipulate thoracic honeybees from 29°C 44°C, with low used increase metabolic rates values. Honeybees showed clear curve an optimal temperature...

The frequency, duration and co-occurrence of several environmental stressors, such as heat waves droughts, are increasing globally. Such multiple stressors may have compounding or interactive effects on animals, resulting in either additive non-additive costs, but animals mitigate these costs through various strategies resource conservation shifts allocation. Through a factorial experiment, we investigated the independent simulated wave water limitation life-history, physiological behavioral...

Honey bee pollination services are of tremendous agricultural and economic importance. Despite this, honey bees other pollinators face ongoing perils, including population declines due to a variety environmental stressors. Fungicides may be particularly insidious stressors for their ubiquity widespread approval application during crop bloom. The mechanisms by which fungicides affect poorly understood any seasonal variations in impact unknown. Here we assess the effects on colonies four-week...

Abstract Complex environments, characterized by co-varying factors (e.g. temperature and food availability) may cause animals to invest resources differentially into fitness-related traits. Thus, experiments manipulating multiple environmental concurrently provide valuable insight the role of environment in shaping not only important traits dispersal capacity or reproduction), but also trait–trait interactions trade-offs between traits). We used a multi-factorial design manipulate variation...

ABSTRACT Flying endothermic insects thermoregulate, likely to improve flight performance. Males of the Sonoran Desert bee, Centris caesalpiniae, seek females at aggregations beginning sunrise and cease near midday when air temperature peaks. To identify thermoregulatory mechanisms for C. caesalpiniae males, we measured tagma temperature, wingbeat frequency, water loss rate, metabolic rate mass flying bees across shaded temperatures 19–38°C. Surface area, wet dry declined with suggesting that...

Animals vary in their rates of energy expenditure for self-maintenance (standard metabolic rate [SMR]). Yet we still lack a thorough understanding the determinants SMR, potentially because complex interactions among environmental, life-history, and physiological factors. Thus, used factorial design female sand field crickets (Gryllus firmus) to investigate independent interactive effects food availability (unlimited or limited access), acclimation temperature (control simulated heat wave),...

We have all seen groups of insects flying around porch lights and streetlamps. Scientists some explanations for this phenomenon, including being drawn to light because they think it is a gap in the foliage, or perhaps blinding, causing crash into it. Regardless which idea you are to, fact that attracted growing problem, especially as increasing urbanization increased pollution across globe. Using high-speed, motion-tracking videos study flight patterns near lights, Samual Fabian Huai-Ti Lin...

ECR Spotlight is a series of interviews with early-career authors from selection papers published in Journal Experimental Biology and aims to promote not only the diversity researchers (ECRs) working experimental biology but also huge variety animals physiological systems that are essential for ‘comparative’ approach. Jordan Glass an author on ‘ A thermal performance curve perspective explains decades disagreements over how air temperature affects flight metabolism honey bees’, JEB....

Journal Article A call for clarity: Embracing the debate on pesticide regulation to protect pollinators Get access Adrian Fisher, II, II Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States Email: afishe16@asu.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-1910 Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rafaela Tadei, Tadei May Berenbaum, Berenbaum University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, James Nieh, Nieh California, San Diego, Harry Siviter, Siviter...

As we race to understand how increased heat caused by climate change will affect animals, the potential 'winners and losers' of this marathon are beginning emerge. Many these struggling animals cannot generate body on their own, relying temperature surroundings warm themselves. Lizards, for example, must move in out shade maintain a that allows them quickly helps digest food. But hotter is not always better. Heating up lizards speeds metabolism, forcing burn through energy faster producing...

There were several errors in the online version of J. Exp. Biol. (2024) 227, jeb246587 (doi:10.1242/jeb.246587).This Outside JEB article had some inconsistencies with original research paper featured (doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44785-3).The title 'Blinded navigation: why insects get stuck circling lights at night,' should read 'Artificial skies: night'In first paragraph, 'Samual Fabian' be 'Samuel Fabian'.In second sentence 'Fabian and colleagues found that flew around light, regardless its...

Many news and scientific reports suggest that if the climate continues warming, it will spell end for many animals. Life on our planet is tough. While some animals may not be able to adapt as fast climates are studies finding other compensate increasing air temperatures. Whether you an animal can create internal body heat or not, effects of a warmer same. As animal's temperature increases, chemical reactions inside its also increase, dramatically speeding up energy use. For example, 10°C...

Environments are everchanging, forcing animals to deal with daily and seasonal variations, such as changing temperature or rainfall. Such variations can shift the times when different species active affect what foods available, causing direct indirect competition other for limited resources. Environmental shifts have effects on an animal depending its life stage. Yet, these important life-stage-specific responses environmental change often unaccounted in ecological studies, not because...

On average, the world is getting warmer, and heatwaves are becoming more common unpredictable – especially in areas closer to Earth's poles. Warming near poles may be bad news for animals, such as brook trout, living these areas. Luckily, many animals have evolved ways deal with heat, which could give them a buffer against severe weather. Some can adjust how their bodies work when environment gets help better handle brief periods of extreme heat. But internal adjustments take time depend on...

Competing for mates is hard enough, but when you live in a sunny, hot environment, the competition can get even harder threat of overheating real. Digger bees (Centris pallida) living Sonoran Desert have evolved some tricks that allow them to stay cool while looking mates. Males this species come two sizes: large, which are pale grey colour, and small, darker brown. Emerging from their solitary burrows April form huge groups, larger males spend most time digging fighting over unmated females...

As the world's climate continues to change, many frog, toad and salamander species worldwide are facing extinction. To help preserve these animals, researchers conservationists have heroically turned breeding them in captivity releasing as adults back into wild. Unfortunately, of programs having a hard time getting their amphibians mate and, those animals that do, generally few lay eggs relatively low number young survive. These go above beyond provide with ideal rearing conditions, yet...

Honey bee pollination services are of tremendous agricultural and economic importance. Despite this, honey bees other pollinators face ongoing perils, including population declines due to a variety environmental stressors. Fungicides may be particularly insidious stressors for their ubiquity widespread approval application during crop bloom. The mechanisms by which fungicides affect poorly understood any seasonal variations in impact unknown. Here we assess the effects on colonies four-week...

It is advantageous for flying insects to be functional across a range of temperatures when competing mates; breadth performance can arise from broad tolerance or thermoregulation. Tactics typically include moving hot hemolymph the thorax cooler body segments, evaporative water loss, and changes in metabolic heat production. For dimorphic Centris caesalpiniae male bees, large morphs dig females at ground-level, infrequently, whereas small morph hovers flies. At mate-aggregation site, air...