The field of implementation research is growing, but it not well understood despite the need for better to inform decisions about health policies, programmes, and practices. This article focuses on context factors affecting implementation, key audiences research, outcome variables that describe various aspects how occurs, study strategies support delivery services, policies. We provide a framework using question as basis selecting among wide range qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods can...

This paper examines the characteristics of implementation research (IR) efforts in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) by describing how key IR principles concepts have been used published health LMICs between 1998 2016, with focus on to better apply these support large-scale impact interventions LMICs. There is a stark discrepancy what has published. Most studies conducted under conditions where researchers considerable influence over extra resources, rather than 'real world'...

Among 1–19-year olds, unintentional injuries accounted for 12% of 5.1 million global deaths from in 2010. Despite this high burden, childhood have not received much attention health. This paper describes the major causes and provides a review interventions reducing burden. About 627 741 were due to 2010 among olds. The proportionate mortality increased with age—from 12.6% 1–4-year olds 28.8% 15–19-year Deaths Western sub-Saharan Africa South Asia more than 50% all deaths. Rates these regions...

Background: There is an increasing recognition that community resilience plays a significant role in addressing health shocks like the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic. However, factors constitute resilience, and how these operate dynamically with other system are less understood.Objective: This paper seeks to understand key their responding EVD outbreak Liberia.Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted between November 2017 April 2018 representatives Bomi, Margibi Montserrado...

Background: A cluster randomized trial of a pay-for-performance (P4P) scheme was implemented in Afghanistan to test whether P4P could improve maternal and child (MCH) services.

90% of the global burden injuries is borne by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, details injury in LMICs are less clear because scarcity data population-based studies. The Saving Lives from Drowning project, implemented rural Bangladesh, did a census on 1·2 million people to fill this gap. This Article describes epidemiology fatal non-fatal study.In study, we used baseline conducted as part (SoLiD) project. was 51 unions seven purposively sampled subdistricts Bangladesh...

Implementation research (IR) focuses on understanding how and why interventions produce their effects in a given context. This often requires engaging broad array of stakeholders at multiple levels the health system. Whereas variety tools approaches exist to facilitate stakeholder engagement national or institutional level, there is substantial gap IR literature about best do this local community level. Similarly, although extensive guidance within context clinical trials-for HIV/AIDS...

The aim of the paper is to quantify burden and risk factors fatal non-fatal suicidal behaviors in rural Bangladesh. A census was carried out seven sub-districts encompassing 1.16 million people. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at household level. Descriptive analyses done Poisson regression run determine on factors. estimated rates suicide 3.29 9.86 per 100,000 person years (PY) observed, respectively. significantly higher by 6.31 times among 15-17 4.04 18-24 olds compared 25-64 old....

Over one-quarter of deaths among 1–4 year-olds in Bangladesh were due to drowning 2003, and the proportion increased 42% 2011. This study describes current burden risk factors for across all demographics rural Bangladesh. A household survey was carried out 51 union parishads between June November 2013, covering 1.17 million individuals. Information on fatal nonfatal events collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Fatal non-fatal rates 15.8/100,000/year...

Each year, approximately 265,000 deaths occur due to burns on a global scale. In Bangladesh, around 173,000 children under 18 sustain burn injury. Since most epidemiological studies injuries in low and middle-income countries are based small-scale surveys or hospital records, this study aims derive mortality morbidity measures risk factors at population level Bangladesh. A household survey was conducted seven rural sub-districts of Bangladesh 2013 assess injury outcomes. Burn were one the...

Current efforts to motivate primary health workers in Nigeria focus on better financial incentives, and the role of other motivating factors has received less attention. The aim this study is explore individual organizational determinants, their interactions effects motivation.Exploratory qualitative research, involving semi-structured interviews with 29 (doctors, nurses, midwives community workers), was conducted Nasarawa Ondo states Nigeria. Nine key informant were government officials....

Globally, road traffic injury (RTI) causes 1.3 million deaths annually. Almost 90% of all RTI occur in low- and middle-income countries. is one the leading death Bangladesh; World Health Organization estimated that it kills over 21,000 people country This study describes current magnitude risk factors for different age groups rural Bangladesh. A household census was carried out 51 unions seven sub-districts situated north central part Bangladesh between June November 2013, covering 1.2...

Abstract Background Since its inception in 1988, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has partnered with 200 countries to vaccinate over 2.5 billion children against poliomyelitis. The polio eradication approach adapted emerging challenges and diverse contexts. Knowledge assets gained from these experiences can inform implementation of future health programs, but only if efforts are made systematically map barriers, identify strategies overcome them, unintended consequences,...

Children are likely to struggle with mental health consequences relating the COVID-19 pandemic. School closures and home confinement increase risk for emotional distress, domestic violence abuse, social isolation, as well disruption of sleep-wake meal cycles, physical exercise routines, care access. As schools reopen, school programs (SMHPs) incorporating universal approaches will be important all children, targeted necessary those more severely affected. Using their experience in Pakistan,...

<h3>Key Messages</h3> As part of the greater movement to decolonize global health, leadership in implementation science needs diversify increase influence researchers and practitioners from low- middle-income countries (LMICs) accelerate development research suited LMICs. Addressing this need will require engagement policy makers LMICs fund shape local agenda, creation networks adapt or develop frameworks aligned with LMIC settings, advancement peer-to-peer learning LMIC-based mentorship,...

Road traffic injuries (RTI) impose a substantial health burden among children. Globally, 186 300 children (under 18 years) die from RTI each year. It is the fourth leading cause of death aged 5–9 years, third 10–14 years and first 15–17 years. At regional level, sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 35.2% global child deaths caused by RTI; that number still increasing. Male are about two times more likely to due than female also related socioeconomic inequalities; low-income middle-income...

This paper examines common approaches for quantifying health inequities and assesses the extent to which they incorporate key theories necessary explicating definition of inequity. The first theoretical analysis examined distinction between inter-individual inter-group inequalities as measures inequities. second considered notion fairness in from different philosophical perspectives. To understand these explanations, four criteria were used assess each measure: 1) Does indicator demonstrate...

Non-fatal injuries have a significant impact on disability, productivity, and economic cost, first-aid can play an important role in improving non-fatal injury outcomes. Data collected from census conducted as part of drowning prevention project Bangladesh was used to quantify the provided by trained untrained providers injuries. The covered approximately 1.2 million people 7 sub-districts Bangladesh. Around 10% individuals reported event six-month recall period. most common were falls (39%)...

Abstract Background Lessons from polio eradication efforts and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) are useful for improving health service delivery outcomes globally. The Synthesis Translation of Research Innovations (STRIPE) is a multi-phase project which aims to map, package disseminate knowledge initiatives as academic training programs. This paper discusses initial findings mapping around activities across multi-country context. Methods phase (January 2018 – December 2019)...

Background The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) helped develop the standard acute flaccid paralysis surveillance (AFP) system worldwide, including, knowledge, expertise, technical assistance, and trained personnel. AFP can complement any disease system.