Repetitive stimulation of small diameter primary afferent fibres produces a progressive increase in action potential discharge (windup) and prolonged the excitability neurones spinal cord following stimulus. Previous studies have demonstrated that windup is consequence temporal summation slow synaptic potentials are reduced by pretreatment with N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonists. We now examined whether induced hypersensitivity states flexor motoneurones also dependent on activation...

Central sensitization, the hyperexcitability of spinal processing that often accompanies peripheral injury, is a major component many persistent pain states. Here we report neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), modulator excitability within cord and contributes to mechanism central sensitization. BDNF, localized in primary sensory neuron cell bodies terminals, potentiates nociceptive reflex responses an vitro preparation induces c-fos expression dorsal horn neurons. NMDA...

Ten of 11 patients with ovarian cancer receiving cisplatin developed a distal sensory neuropathy, manifested early by decreased vibratory sensibility in toes and depressed ankle jerks later uncomfortable paresthesias. Eleven cisplatin, 50 mg/m2 monthly (mean total, 580 mg/m2) were studied prospectively neurologic examinations conduction velocity determinations median, peroneal, sural nerves. Early signs dose, 417 ± 132 [SD]) loss 455 86 mg/m2). With continued therapy, four Strength was...

ABSTRACT While neuroimmune interactions are increasingly recognized as important in nociceptive processing, the nature and functional significance of these is not well defined. There multiple reports that activation spinal microglia a critical event generation neuropathic pain behaviors but mediators this remain disputed. Here we show chemokine CCL2, produced by both damaged undamaged primary sensory neurons states rats, released an activity dependent manner from central terminals fibres. We...

The synaptic responses of lumbar ventral horn neurons including identified flexor motoneurons, to graded stimulation peripheral nerves have been recorded in vitro the young rat spinal cord-hindlimb preparation. Single shock low threshold myelinated afferents evoked short latency (< 20 ms) duration 1.0 s, 391 +/- 42 ms n=43 SEM) compositive mono- and polysynaptic potentials. Recruitment both thinly (A delta) unmyelinated (C) afferent fibres elicited a prolonged postsynaptic depolarization (>...

Sensory axons in the adult spinal cord do not regenerate after injury. This is essentially because of inhibitory components damaged CNS, such as myelin-associated inhibitors and glial scar. However, if sciatic nerve axotomized before injury dorsal column, injured can a short distance cord. Here, we show that transection results time-dependent phosphorylation activation transcription factor, signal transducer activator 3 (STAT3), root ganglion (DRG) neurons. effect specific to peripheral...

Regeneration of injured adult sensory neurons within the CNS is essentially abortive, attributable in part to lesion-induced or revealed inhibitors such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and myelin (Nogo-A, MAG, OMgp). Much this inhibition may be overcome by boosting growth status delivering a conditioning lesion their peripheral branches. Here, we identify key role for cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediating enhanced regeneration dorsal column afferents. In mice , injury sciatic nerve 1...

Conditioning injury to adult mammalian sensory neurons enhances their regeneration potential. Here we show that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a fundamental component of the conditioning response. <i>in vivo</i> significantly increases intrinsic growth capacity vitro</i> from LIF+/+ mice. This effect blunted in LIF−/− Enhanced rescued mice by addition exogenous LIF, and blocked human LIF-05, an LIF receptor antagonist. Furthermore, demonstrate promotes elongating but not arborizing...

This is a "proof of concept study" to test the hypothesis that pulsed radiofrequency, PRF, produces cell stress at primary afferent level without signs overt thermal damage. We assumed would result in impairment normal function, and used expression activating transcription factor 3, ATF3, as an indicator cellular "stress".PRF (20 ms 500-kHz RF pulses, delivered rate 2 Hz; maximum temperature 42 degrees C) was either sciatic nerve adult rats mid thigh, or L4 anterior ramus just distal...

The MLL gene, on human chromosome 11q23, undergoes chromosomal translocation in acute leukemias, resulting gene fusion with AF4 (chromosome 4) and ENL 19). We report here of nine different chromosomes two paracentric 11 deletions early B cell, B- or T-cell lineage, nonlymphocytic leukemias. mRNA junction from 22 t(4;11) patients, including six adult t(11;19) tumors reveals a remarkable conservation breakpoints within MLL, AF4, genes, irrespective tumor phenotype. Typically, the are upstream...

Abstract Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission spinal cord, and several circumstantial lines evidence suggest that it has ability to modulate activity NMDA receptor. Here we dissect signalling mechanisms by which BDNF exerts its neuromodulatory role on receptor subunit 1 (NR1). Using a preparation adult isolated dorsal horn with roots attached, found electrical stimulation induced concomitant release an increased phosphorylation NR1,...

1. The summation of depolarizing postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked by stimulation primary afferent fibers in lumbar dorsal roots was studied and ventral horn neurons the rat hemisected spinal cord vitro with current-clamp intracellular recording techniques. PSPs activation A delta and/or C could summate after repetitive at low frequencies: this resulted a progressive, long-lasting change neuronal membrane potential (Vm) (cumulative depolarization). Cumulative depolarization not observed...

This study investigated the inter-day and intra-device reliability, criterion validity of six devices for measuring barbell velocity in free-weight back squat power clean. In total, 10 competitive weightlifters completed an initial one repetition maximum (1RM) assessment followed by three load-velocity profiles (40-100% 1RM) both exercises on four separate occasions. Mean peak was measured simultaneously each device compared to 3D motion capture all repetitions. Reliability assessed via...

Abstract The neuropeptide galanin has been identified as a potential neurotransmitter/neuromodulator within the central nervous system. In present study, role of endogenous in nociceptive processing system analysed by using mice carrying targeted mutation gene. Supporting this, effect chronic administration exogenous on sensory inputs assayed adult rats. absence peripheral nerve injury, sensitivity to threshold noxious stimuli is significantly higher mutant than wild‐type controls. Following...

1. The effect of brief primary afferent inputs on the amplitude and duration synaptic potentials evoked in ventral horn (VH) neurons by activation other unconditioned afferents was studied current-clamp intracellular recording neonatal rat hemisected spinal cord vitro. Low-frequency (1 Hz) trains stimulation were applied to a lumbar dorsal root (Conditioning root) for 20-30 s. Test excitatory (EPSPs) single electrical shocks an adjacent root. 2. Conditioning generated at strengths sufficient...

Petit mal is primarily a childhood disorder and becomes less common in adult life. status (spike-wave stupor) an unusual complication, but one third of cases reported since 1950 have been young adults, usually under 40 years old. Four adults who had petit are presented. Three these patients, whom was age 61, discrete episodes status, while the fourth prolonged depression mental function due to constantly recurring attacks. These patients were initially thought be psychotic. The clinical...

Gray Leaf Spot (GLS causal agents Cercospora zeae-maydis and zeina) is one of the most important foliar diseases maize in all areas where crop being cultivated. Although USA situation with GLS severity not as critical sub-Saharan Africa or Brazil, evidence climate change, increasing corn monoculture well narrow genetic base North American resistant germplasm can turn disease into a serious threat to US production. The development cultivars way control disease. In this study we combined high...