Several techniques have been utilized for the preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA) and other calcium phosphates development biomaterials. It is vital to know reaction kinetics be able control material obtained by aqueous solution route. In present work, HA has produced different wet precipitation processes experimental conditions. Calcium hydroxide, phosphate, ammonium phosphate phosphoric acid were used as reagents. The precipitate was dried at 100 °C overnight then some samples treated 900 2...

In this review article, we argue that the transformations related to modernisation of Portuguese society triggered by implementation democracy did not fully accommodate gender equality. particular, when consider areas where most progress has been made in keeping with a broadly shared urge for modernisation, education and science; whereas women have contributed boosting population’s level education, thus inverting worst legacy dictatorship developing scientific research, inequalities are...

In this work, novel composites based on calcium phosphates (CaP)/collagen (COL) doped with Zn+2 have been synthesized. They were characterized by SEM coupled to EDS microprobe in order evaluate their morphology and chemical composition, respectively. The biocompatibility of these synthetic CaP/COL nanocomposites undoped was investigated through osteoblast cell culture assay. Calcium produced via aqueous precipitation routes where two different phases obtained, hydroxyapatite (HAP) biphasic...

This article presents a study that identifies the gender dynamics prevailing in specific context of tokenism – elementary school teaching which members an otherwise socially dominant group are proportionally scarce men. The results contradict Kanter’s (1977) theory by showing male teachers do not experience dynamics. In line with Williams’ perspective and Amâncio’s symbolic asymmetry, finds although men constitute small minority education, they lose social advantages generally have: on...

In this study, conventional restorative glass ionomer cement (GIC) was modified by embedding it with mechanically processed cellulose fibers. Two concentrations of fibers were weighed and agglutinated into the GIC during manipulation, yielding Experimental Groups 2 (G2; 3.62 wt% fibers) 3 (G3; 7.24 fibers), which compared against a control group containing no (G1). The compressive strengths elastic modulus three groups, their diametral tensile stiffness, evaluated on universal test machine....

Research in social and political psychology contributes towards understanding the persistence of job market gender segregation prevailing recent decades, consequences for those involved their reactions when having to cope with inequality. Within framework literature on shared ideologies that justify legitimize discrimination against women, this article focuses Portugal analyses particular case women two highly qualified professions traditionally carried out by men – politics medicine....

Abstract This article presents a study that sought to identify the gender dynamics prevailing in health-related context of tokenism – nursing which members dominant group society men are proportionally scarce. Specifically, this aimed consider how experience their integration into feminized profession. Furthermore, individual experiences and professional were placed perspective with results other studies focusing on male populations high-status professions, particular medicine, analyse...

This article aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of women men at stage in their lives following professional retirement, enriching present future a continuously ageing Portuguese society. In order better capture diversity complexity each individual's experiences, qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured individual interviews were carried out with sixteen retired people, eight men, aged between 59 88 years old. A thematic analysis allowed us identify five themes...

The main objective of this exploratory study is to analyze the negative effects associated with phenomenon tokenism for Portuguese women in non-playing football roles, as well their strategies integration into a context where they are minority and social functions dominated by men. To end, we carried out semi-structured individual interviews eight men women, undertaking fields coaching, psychology, medical team, planning, refereeing, management organizations, contents then subject thematic...

This article analyzes the experiences and strategies of white black women in positions some power, which they are able to strive reduce inequalities promote social change. From a qualitative perspective, this seeks open discussions around possible applications intersectionality between gender “race”/ethnicity for studying “tokenism phenomenon”. The results reveal six major themes that demonstrate how, while both share negative consequences tokenism, intersections create dynamics make women’s...

The article presents a research on the gender dynamics operating in tokenism context: politics. Twenty-two Portuguese female politicians were interviewed. Their strategies to get place masculine world of politics is mainly determined by age: whereas older women fight against discriminations and favor women’s skills, younger value superwoman profile that distance themselves from their socially dominated group, at risk denying experienced discrimination, are very attached meritocratic ideology...

This paper intends to understand the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on shared unpaid work between men and women living as a couple during confinement, assess whether this situation influenced family dynamics, especially when professional status changed teleworking. With goal, weekly hours spent in housework caregiving, perceptions justice about sharing arrangements, impact COVID caregiving workload were analyzed, sample 128 working-age participants, couple, mostly telework (58%). The...

This paper presents a descriptive and comparative analysis of the statutes Brazilian Portuguese political parties regarding women’s participation. The main objective was to evaluate if in what way women are included statutory guidelines. By means document technique, we analyzed represented Chamber Deputies case Brazil Assembly Republic Portugal. Our research hypothesis is that although explanatory potential party ideology has declined as from different positions on spectrum have started...

Perante a sub-representação dos membros de alguns grupos minoritários e das mulheres, nível mundial, em diversos órgãos decisão, como é o caso da política, têm sido criadas medidas acção positiva, com objectivo se promover igualdade. Contudo, estas suscitado enorme controvérsia, dividindo opiniões. O presente artigo teórico pretende identificar, na literatura, as principais razões desta dando particular destaque à percepção justiça. Propõe, contributo para este debate, articulação estudos...

Developing new restorative materials should avoid damage to tissue structures. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC) mechanically reinforced with cellulose microfibers (GIC+CM) or nanocrystals (GIC+CN) by implantation three test specimens in subcutaneous dorsal region 15 Rattus norvegicus albinus rats. Each rat received one specimen each cement, resulting following groups (n=15): Group GIC (Control), GIC+CM and GIC+NC. After time...

O reconhecimento da desigualdade de género na política tem conduzido à adoção medidas ação positiva a nível mundial, como é disso exemplo Lei Paridade aprovada em Portugal 2006. Tal noutros países, onde estas foram adotadas, também elas suscitaram controvérsia social, um terreno particularmente rico análise para as práticas assentes ideologia género. Centrando-se no ciclo eleitoral 2009, este estudo pretendeu verificar se foi cumprida pelos grandes partidos políticos portugueses e, além...

The study modifies an adhesive system with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as load, characterizing it and evaluate the effectiveness of its bond to dental structure. middle thirds healthy premolar tooth crowns were obtained, each crown was sectioned vertically, resulting in two sections. sections divided into ten groups (n = 15), which resin composite restorations simulated: (G1E G1D) conventional (SAC); (G2E G2D) SAC modified HAP; (G3E G3D) Primer (G4E G4D) monocomponent system; (G5E G5D)...

This paper investigates formal and informal patterns of the recruitment process features types elections to shed light on what affects share women across levels government (European, national, local). A single country party – Portuguese Socialist Party was analysed rule out intervening factors, 19 in-depth interviews were conducted. Our findings highlight specificities each type election, their interactions with process, relevance factors.

Abstract Drawing on the conceptualization of meritocracy as an illusion, we argue that perceptions merit and fairness sex quotas in politics are influenced by gender ideology, specifically symbolical asymmetry, which equates men with individuals universal reference ‘person’, women a sexed category. A total 311 Portuguese participants read one eight scenarios manipulating political competence two candidates for electoral list where only would be selected. According to experimental condition,...