There exists an enormous diversity of bacteria capable human infection, but no up-to-date, publicly accessible list is available. Combining a pragmatic definition pathogenicity with extensive search strategy, we report 1513 bacterial pathogens known to infect humans described pre-2021. Of these, 73 % were regarded as established (have infected at least three persons in or more references) and 27 putative (fewer than cases). Pathogen species belong 10 phyla 24 classes scattered throughout the...

Model microbial communities are regularly used to test ecological and evolutionary theory as they easy manipulate have fast generation times, allowing for large-scale, high-throughput experiments. A key assumption most model is that stably coexist, but this rarely tested experimentally. Here we report the (dis)assembly of a five-species community from metacommunity soil microbes can be future Using reciprocal invasion-from-rare experiments show all species coexist demonstrate stable long...

Disturbances can play a major role in biological invasions: by destroying biomass, they alter habitat and resource abundances. Previous field studies suggest that disturbance-mediated invader success is consequence of influxes, but the importance other potential covarying causes, notably opening up habitats, have yet to be directly tested. Using experimental populations bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens , we determined relative plus any interaction between them, for two ecologically distinct...

Disturbances can facilitate biological invasions, with the associated increase in resource availability being a proposed cause. Here, we experimentally tested interactive effects of disturbance regime (different frequencies biomass removal at equal intensities) and abundance on invasion success using factorial design containing five three levels. We invaded populations bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens two ecologically different invader morphotypes: fast-growing "colonizer" type slower...

Iron is essential for almost all bacterial pathogens and consequently it actively withheld by their hosts. However, the production of extracellular siderophores enables iron sequestration pathogens, increasing virulence. Another function detoxification non-ferrous metals. Here, we experimentally link virulence roles testing whether opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays greater after exposure to copper. To do this, incubated P. under different environmentally relevant copper...

Abstract Model microbial communities are regularly used to test ecological and evolutionary theory as they easy manipulate have fast generation times, allowing for large-scale, high throughput experiments. A key assumption most model is that stably coexist, but this rarely tested experimentally. Here we report the (dis)assembly of a five-species community from metacommunity soil microbes can be future Using reciprocal invasion rare experiments show all species coexist demonstrate stable long...

Anthropogenic metal pollution can result in co-selection for antibiotic resistance and potentially select increased virulence bacterial pathogens. Metal-polluted environments the production of siderophore molecules to detoxify non-ferrous metals. However, these same also aid uptake ferric iron, a limiting factor within-host pathogen growth, are consequently factor. methods remediate environmental contamination commonly involve amendment with lime-containing materials. whether this reduces...

Increasing environmental concentrations of metals as a result anthropogenic pollution are significantly changing many microbial communities. While there is evidence metal can in increased antibiotic resistance, the effects on virulence bacterial communities remains largely undetermined. Here, we experimentally test whether stress alters We do this by incubating three wastewater influent under different environmentally relevant copper for days. then quantify community phenotypically using...

Abstract Invasions by microorganisms are commonly found to benefit from disturbance events. However, the importance of relative timing and order invasion for invader success remains uncertain. Here, invading a stably coexisting community five bacterial species at four different propagule pressures on eight separate occasions – pre-disturbance post-disturbance we experimentally tested invader’s success. Furthermore, quantified impact composition resident community. Across range densities,...

Disturbances can facilitate biological invasions, with the associated increase in resource availability being a proposed cause. Here, we experimentally test effects of disturbance regime and abundance on invasion success. We invaded populations bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens two invader morphotypes factorial design containing five frequencies three levels. As resident were altered by treatments, additionally tested their effect Disturbance frequency interacted to affect success both...

Invasions are commonly found to benefit from disturbance events. However, the importance of relative timing and order invasion for invader success remains uncertain. Here, we experimentally test this by invading a five-species bacterial community on eight separate occasions – four before after. Invader impact composition was greatest when immediately followed disturbance. subsequent invasions had negligible or impact. Pre-disturbance, added just Importantly however, first three...

Abstract Background Iron is essential for almost all bacterial pathogens and consequently it actively withheld by their hosts. However, the production of extracellular siderophores enables iron sequestration pathogens, increasing virulence. Another function detoxification non-ferrous metals. Here, we experimentally link virulence roles testing whether opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays greater after exposure to copper. To do this, incubated P. under different...

Abstract Metal contamination poses both a direct threat to human health as well an indirect through its potential affect bacterial pathogens. Metals can not only co-select for antibiotic resistance, but also might pathogen virulence via increased siderophore production. Siderophores are extracellular compounds released increase ferric iron uptake — common limiting factor growth within hosts – making them important factor. However, siderophores be positively selected detoxify non-ferrous...

Climate change is bringing unforeseen alterations to disturbance regimes, exposing many ecosystems multiple novel disturbances simultaneously. Despite this, how biodiversity responds simultaneous remains unclear, with conflicting empirical results on their interactive effects. Here, we experimentally test one (an invasive species) affects the diversity of a community over levels another regime (pulse mortality). Specifically, invade stably coexisting bacterial communities under four...

Abstract Iron is essential for almost all bacterial pathogens and consequently it actively withheld by their hosts. However, the production of extracellular siderophores enables iron sequestration pathogens, increasing virulence. Another function detoxification non-ferrous metals. Here, we experimentally link virulence roles testing whether opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays greater after exposure to copper. To do this, incubated P. under different environmentally...

Abstract Accumulation of plastics in the marine environment has widespread detrimental consequences for ecosystems and wildlife. Marine are rapidly colonised by a wide diversity bacteria, including human pathogens, posing potential risks to health. Here, we investigate effect polymer type, residence time estuarine location on bacterial colonisation common household plastics, pathogenic bacteria. To do so, submerged five main plastic types: low-density PE (LDPE), high-density (HDPE),...