Abstract An ionogram image serves as a valuable data for examining the ionospheric bottom side characteristics and variabilities. Spread-F is indicated or identified by plasma irregularity in region. Diffused echo images particularly pose challenges efficient interpretation required further applications. automatic classification of spread-F presented this study. Ionogram are automatically classified using preprocessing techniques to improve performance. In study, designed two machine...

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the effects of electrostatic discharge (ESD) failure on tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) recording heads because it directly affects reliability manufacturing these heads. Therefore, we study magnetic degradation TMR junctions caused by temperature increase using three different ESD models. A 3-D finite-element method is used for analyzing spatial and temporal profiles during discharge. The results from models show that, although highest occurs...

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been a significant problem in the manufacturing processes of magnetic recording head technologies for many years. Besides direct damage, ESD can also generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) which could possibly cause failure read heads. The aims this work are to measure EMI from simulator based on standard IEC 61000-4-2 and investigate effects tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) current generated by measured experiment. Also, is applied TMR heads at various...

High penetration and improper allocation of grid-connected solar PV leads to high power losses voltage instability in distribution systems. This work proposes a technique determine the size optimal locations for profile improvement with multi-solar placement at primary A multi-objective index (IMO) based analytical expression was used this analysis. The results show that can reduce greater degree than IMO single PV, while its be improved. Moreover, suggest other possible connections case...

In this paper, the temperature and electromagnetic field distributions for bit-patterned media (BPM) with heat-assisted writing technology at areal density of 6.54–17.92 Tb/in2 are investigated by finite integral technique method. We have found that BPM can confine better than continuous media. The ratio neighbor bits to heating bit 6.54–7.69 is lower 65% increases increasing density. electric direction toward magnetic circulates around bit. addition, same pattern as 13.17 or above.

The giant magnetoresistive (GMR) heads have been used in the computer industry for decade. Recently, anomalous performance caused by cell phones or external electromagnetic interference (EMI) is reported [V. Kraz and A. Wallash, J. Electrost. 54, 39 (2002)]; [Kruesubthaworn et al., Magn. Mater. 316, e142 (2007)] This prompts an experimental study of magnetic disturbance to under ascending descending frequency variations. rf generator with predetermined output set 30–1000MHz swept both...

Concrete duct banks have been used for protecting underground power cables from mechanical damage and improving cable performance. Underground performance indices with parameters of the maximum temperature ampacity are functions installation conditions. In this work, steady-state an system was evaluated by variation concrete bank dimensions. To analyze dependence on temperature, a thermal model developed two-dimensional finite element method. The simulation is containing in casing pipes....

This report aims to investigate a comparative effect of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) on recording heads due sweeping directions low-to-high and high-to-low frequencies. Four selected Quasi-Static Tester (QST) parameters; MR resistance, amplitude asymmetry, Barkhausen noise Hysteresis, are used for monitoring the EMI Head Gimbal Assembly (HGA). It is undoubtedly found that Asymmetry Hysteresis parameters provide insufficient indication both frequency directions. On other hand, it...

Scratch damage on magnetic disks is a major problem in the hard drive industry as it affects reliability. To address this problem, therefore necessary to apply advanced detection techniques. enhance micro-scratch detection, an infrared camera capturing technique based heat radiation proposed article. Nevertheless, captured thermal images may be invisible due Narcissus effect dark region covering interested areas. An approach of image refinement also presented by heating disk at various...

A novel electromagnetic (EM) decoupling and crosstalk reduction technique applied to hard disk drive is presented. Grooves are introduced with different depths between conductors of the trace suspension assembly interconnects (TSAI). By using commercial EM simulation software, an induced voltage from unwanted external field on TSAI reduced in relation groove depth. As much as 12.5-dB observed for 25%-75% depths. The obtained over 1.0 dB 1-4 GHz frequency band achieved transmission bandwidth...

The spin transfer induced magnetization switching in current perpendicular-to-the-plane valve nanopillar based Co 2 FeAl 0.5 Si Heusler alloy with varying the initial angles of sensing layer,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, was investigated via macrospin simulations. effects an in-plane magnetic...

The giant magnetoresistive (GMR) recording head is extremely sensitive to external magnetic field. Since it anano-scale electronic device, various unpredictableeffects, i.e., electrostatic discharge (ESD) and parametric effects, exhibit. It has been found that a d. c. voltage of an order about 1 V across the harmful. In this report, effect field radiated by electromagnetic interference, EMI, phenomena in aspin-stand tester studied. seen fromresults strength produced reverse biasheadset twice...

The guard technique is proposed by adding the stainless steel at backing layer to reduce crosstalk on 6 lines suspension assembly interconnect trace (SAIT). Near-End and Far- End coefficients (NEXT FEXT) are used analyze SAIT in frequency of 0-20 GHz. finite integration (FIT) simulation based CST microwave studio. space between heat read pairs modified addition also varied. From results, it found that varying cannot crosstalk. However, additional can monitoring NEXT FEXT. lowest 100% with...

This paper presents the audio and transmitter controllers to switch broadcasting programs in automatic radio broadcast network. The mute clock is used control relays on off via Programmable Logic Control. In addition, turn when it as unmanned operation. From result, shown that proposed can be accurately program. this using without needed of computer, master human intervention. automatically

The mono-stereo controller using an audio mute clock has been used at the International Broadcasting Bureau (IBB) FM 106.6 MHz transmitter in Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia since 2010. major problem of broadcast station was from a frozen programmable logic controller, PLC, that must be manually reset and report by VOA listeners. A PLC auto power circuit proposed built as to monitor operation PLC. also restart whenever it became frozen. cloud router Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol...