Summertime ecosystem respiration (ER) rates through seven sites were measured at an upland tundra on Fildes Peninsula in maritime Antarctica to investigate effects of topographic gradient, vegetation types and climatic factors ER rates. Overall the highest occurred top, followed middle slope, lowest lower slope. The daily noon whereas 6 am. There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between 0-10 cm soil temperature, but negative 0.01) moisture. A high Q10 value 2.69 obtained...

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Its necessity plants still under examination. Due to the contradictory nature of Se its significance, it has received much interest in recent years. deficiency can be harmful humans, yet almost a billion people are deficient. been associated with cancers, impairment organs, number other ailments. The biofortification livestock guaranteed practice increase human selenium consumption. Strategies such as foliar spraying, direct...

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soil significantly threatens food safety and demands immediate attention modern agriculture. The uptake of Cd by plant roots, facilitated transporters involved nutrient uptake, contributes to its accumulation rice grains. To mitigate crops, reducing bioavailability controlling is crucial. Various strategies, including the application biochar selenium (Se), have been proposed address toxicity contaminated soils. Biochar Se effectively reduced crops...

Earlier reports show very low concentrations of phosphine in remote air the lower troposphere nonpolar regions, ng m(-3) range during night and pg daylight around noon. In this study, abnormally unexpectedly high (30.0-407.8 m(-3), 11 locations) were found polar samples collected on Millor Peninsula, eastern Antarctica Fildes western Antarctica. The maximum concentration was measured atmosphere penguin colonies. Field emission rates from four colonies 8.99 m(-2) h(-1) (skua colony), 9.56...

Abstract In order to reconstruct past changes in penguin populations we performed geochemical analyses on a ornithogenic sediment core DG4 retrieved from lake catchment Gardner Island, Vestfold Hills. P, Se, F, S, As, Sr and Cu were identified as the bio-element assemblage by R-clustering elemental concentrations comparisons with those bedrock fresh guano. Factor analysis levels of these bio-elements permitted reconstruction variations historical at Island spanning 8500 years. The population...

Abstract Very little attention has been paid to quantifying ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from Antarctic marine animal excreta. In this paper, penguin guano and ornithogenic soils four colonies seal colony were collected in coastal Antarctica, laboratory experiments conducted investigate potential NH effects of environmental factors on fluxes. Ammonia fluxes extremely low the frozen samples. Significantly enhanced observed following thawing. The mean 7.66 ± 4.33 mg kg -1 h emperor guano, 1.31...

Abstract Most studies on phosphorus cycle in the natural environment focused phosphates, with limited data available for reduced phosphine (PH 3 ). In this paper, matrix-bound (MBP), gaseous fluxes and fractions soils were investigated from a penguin colony, seal colony adjacent animal-lacking tundra background sites. The MBP levels (mean 200.3 ng kg −1 ) much higher than those soils, soils. Field PH flux observation laboratory incubation experiments confirmed that produced emissions Overall...

Abstract We investigated nutrient composition and the potential for greenhouse gas production in Antarctic penguin guano, ornithogenic soils seal colony through a laboratory incubation experiment. Total organic carbon contents ranged from 0.2–14.7% total nitrogen 0.05–3.60% across all samples. Penguin guano had δ 13 C org values of -28.4‰ to -22.8‰ highly enriched 15 N (8.28–35.51‰), indicating rapid cycling local ecosystems. The mean CO 2 CH 4 emission rates were significantly higher than...

Melatonin (MT) is a ubiquitous hormone molecule that commonly distributed in nature. MT not only plays an important role animals and humans but also has extensive functions plants. Selenium (Se) essential micronutrient for humans, beneficial element higher plants at low concentrations. Postharvest diseases caused by fungal pathogens lead to huge economic losses worldwide. In this study, tomato fruits were treated with optimal sodium selenite (20 mg/L) melatonin (10 μmol/L) 2 h stored 7 days...

In maritime Antarctica, sea animals, such as penguins or seals, provide a large amount of external nitrogen input into tundra soils, which greatly impact cycle in ecosystems. Denitrification, is closely related with the denitrifiers, key step cycle. However, effects animal activities on soil denitrification and denitrifier community structures still have received little attention. Here, abundance, activity, diversity nirS- nirK-encoding denitrifiers were investigated penguin seal colonies,...

Little is known about nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from wild animal colonies. N O fluxes were measured a penguin colony on Ardley Island, seal and skua Fildes Peninsula in the maritime Antarctic using static chamber technique. Mean penguin, colonies 856, 132 189 μ g O‐N m −2 h −1 , respectively. The deposition of sea excreta controls spatial variations highest (2559, 2836 2081 for puddles, wallows respectively) occurred during freezing‐thawing period. Laboratory experiments showed that...

Abstract Most studies on greenhouse gas emissions from animals concentrated domestic animals, with limited data available wild animals. The number of marine is potentially large in coastal Antarctica. In this paper, N 2 O and CH 4 were investigated a penguin colony, seal skua the adjacent animal‐lacking tundra, background tundra sites to test effects their fluxes maritime Extremely high occurred puddles (mean 392 µg m −2 h −1 ) wallows 579 ). animal colony (13–57 are much higher than those...

Anhui is one of the highest provincial emitters air pollutants in China due to its large coal consumption coal-fired plants. In this study, total emissions nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) from power plants were investigated assess impact control measures on atmospheric based upon continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). The NOx, SO2 PM significantly decreased 2013 2017 they estimated at 24.5 kt, 14.8 kt 3.0 2017, respectively. reductions...

Cardamine hupingshanensis (C. hupingshanensis) is known for its ability to hyperaccumulate selenium (Se). However, the roles of rhizobacteria or endophytes in Se hyperaccumulation have not been explored C. hupingshanensis. Here, in-situ-like pot experiments were conducted investigate characteristics accumulation throughout growth stages and correlations with under varying soil levels. Results showed that levels roots, stems leaves increased from seedling bolting stage, but remained...