Mobile edge computing (MEC) supports the internet of things (IoT) by leveraging computation offloading. It minimizes delay and consequently reduces energy consumption IoT devices. However, consideration static communication mode in most recent work, despite varying network dynamics resource diversity, is main limitation. An energy-efficient offloading method using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) proposed. Both delay-tolerant non-delay tolerant scenarios are considered capillary machine...

Through the expeditious expansion of wireless network, unlicensed bandwidth-based devices are growing substantially as compared to present vacant bandwidth. Cognitive radio networks a proficient solution spectrum shortage diminution hitch by allowing usage part that is not currently in use Primary User licensed bandwidth secondary user or cognitive user. Spectrum management procedure network comprises sharing, sensing and handoff. handoff plays vital role primarily focuses on single...

Existing wireless systems do not work efficiently under changing environment. Due to its inflexible and proprietary hardware based architectural limitations it's easy for an operator change the network strategy heavy loads, which enables vendors try implement new networking protocols. The software defined (SDN) is proposed bring flexibility programmability, allows control plane of switch be controlled managed remotely using open-flow channels. Taking advantage SDN in networks, a Wi-Fi...

In this article, we investigate the Drazin invertibility for elements of an arbitrary semiring. We give necessary and sufficient conditions existence expressions inverse element in Moreover, consider product paq under some additional which exists.

Machine type communication (MTC) imposes serious challenges for the cellular network operators due to congestion and scarce channel resource. The heterogeneous MTC having variable delay tolerance may further aggravate these challenges. This paper advocates utilize confluence of fixed data aggregator (FDA) multiple mobile aggregators (MDAs) cater intolerant (mission critical) tolerant devices, respectively. In this vein, a distributed MDA selection algorithm is proposed assist an FDA, which...

Carpooling is an environmentally friendly and sustainable emerging traveling mode that enables commuters to save travel time expenses. In order co-travel, individuals or agents need communicate, interpret information, negotiate achieve co-operation find matching partners. This paper offers the scheme of a carpooling model for set candidate carpoolers. The interpreted using agent-based simulation analyze several effects agents’ interaction behavior adaptations. Through communication...

Abstract In this article, fixed point results for self-mappings in the setting of two metrics satisfying <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mi>F</m:mi> </m:math> F -lipschitzian conditions rational-type are proved, where is considered as a semi-Wardowski function with constant <m:mi>τ</m:mi> <m:mo>∈</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</m:mi> \tau \in {\mathbb{R}} instead <m:mo>&gt;</m:mo> <m:mn>0</m:mn> \gt 0 . Two have been considered, one an incomplete while...

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is defined as ‘violent acts, including physical assaults and threats of assault, directed toward the persons on duty or at work’. Growing public-health concern among Healthcare Workers (HCW’s) WPV. The purpose this study was to estimate prevalence healthcare-associated violence. Methods: This cross-sectional conducted Nishtar Hospital, Multan from June August 2020. World Health Organization tool used collect quantitative data different aspects workplace...

In this paper, we study a new contraction mapping inspired by the concept of \(F\)-contraction, which was recently introduced Wardowski [20]. We find common fixed points for sequence mappings introducing \(D_F\)-contractive operators in Banach space using measure non-compactness. As an application, prove some results on existence solutions system infinite fractional order differential equations \(c\), where \(c\) consists real sequences having finite limits.

Keeping in view the latest development of anti-Hermitian matrix mind, we construct some closed form formula for a classical system equations having nature this paper. We give necessary and sufficient conditions existence its solution by applying properties rank. The general to is expressed based on generalized inverses given matrices. novelty proposed results not only obtaining formal representation terms but construction an algorithm find explicit expression as well. To conduct numerical...

In this article, we study the solvability conditions and general solution of a system matrix equations involving η-skew-Hermitian quaternion matrices. Several special cases are discussed, recover some well-known results in literature. An algorithm numerical example for validation our main result also provided.

Mini PCNL (mPCNL) procedures now often employ miniature nephroscopes that were originally created to treat paediatric kidney stones. There is scarcity of knowledge regarding complications mPCNL in renal stones larger than 3 cm. Objective: To determine the common mini performed for 3.0cm. Methods: This descriptive case series study was conducted over a period one year from November 2022 October 2023 registered patients aging 4 14 years undergoing with &gt;3cm. The underwent and followed weeks...

Posterior urethral distraction deficits are a difficult and complex clinical condition that necessitates specialized care in urological therapy. End-to-end anastomotic urethroplasty has emerged as critical procedure for treating posterior abnormalities, providing thorough successful approach restoring normal function. Objective: To assess the outcome of end-to-end defects. Methods: This study was conducted at departments Urology, MTI LRH, Peshawar from 1st November 2017 to 31st December...

We study Knaster-Kuratowski-Mazurkiewicz theorem in the setting of generalized metric spaces. establish some results on fixed points (KKM) mappings. Fan’s matching and Schauder’s type point spaces are also proved as interesting consequences our main results. Examples given to validate use these prove existence result for a Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional boundary value problem.