Abstract The structure of individual reverse osmosis modules, the configuration module network, and operating conditions were optimized for seawater brackish water desalination. system model included simple mathematical equations to predict performance modules. optimization problem was formulated as a constrained multivariable nonlinear optimization. objective function annual profit system, consisting obtained from permeate, capital cost process units, costs associated with energy...

The results to date of a collaborative research project with BHP Steel in Port Kembla, Australia, are described. is concerned control strip tension and looper angle BHP's hot steel rolling mill (the finishing mill). new controllers have been successfully implemented on the process now handle all production at mill. paper describes model process, similar that reported work others. development full nonlinear controller traced, based recursive method (cf., backstepping). Insights drawn into...

The only string models known to reproduce the minimal supersymmetric standard model in low energy effective field theory are those constructed free fermionic formulation. We demonstrate existence of quasirealistic heterotic which singlet flat directions do not exist. This raises possibility that supersymmetry is broken perturbatively such by one-loop Fayet-Iliopoulos term. show, however, utilize vacuum expectation values some non-Abelian fields massless spectrum exist model. argue hidden...

The LQR (linear quadratic regulator) robustness properties of singular systems are investigated. It is shown that the optimal regulators for with an appropriate selection feedback gain have same as those in regular systems, namely, at least 60 degrees guaranteed phase margin, infinite and 50% reduction margin.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

The paper tackles the problem of factoring a real polynomial $f( z )$, nonzero on $| | = 1$, as product two polynomials $u( )$ and $v( with zeros in < 1$ > 1$. individual are not found. Riccati difference equations shown to provide tool for executing factorization.

The fixed-lag smoothing of random telegraph type signals is studied. smoothers are derived by first obtaining fixed-point equations and then using a time discretization. Simulation results described that verify the qualitative carry-over known for linear-Gaussian problem: greater lag, improvement; beyond certain no further improvement obtained increase lag; higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), over filtering through use smoothing. Smoothing errors one-half corresponding error demonstrated.

Itô equations, including one arising in the theory of optimal filtering a random telegraph wave, are examined. Although solutions equations always bounded, simulations equation on digital computer lead to unbounded solutions.

The existence of a solution to linear-quadratic singular control problem is equivalent the certain matrix inequality. This paper studies an approach solving inequality, and identifies maximal inequality as defining performance index infimum for problem.

Purpose The objective of this investigation is the derivation a mathematical model that describes pressure characteristics paste during stencil printing process. This intended to generalise qualitative understanding these effects using squeegees can be curved but otherwise are standard in design. Design/methodology/approach an analytical treatment behaviour from foundations continuity fluid flow and shear stresses imparted by squeegee blade movement. Findings An equation obtained profiles...

Adaptive sliding mode control is considered, together with an iterative learning scheme for tracking of robot manipulators in Cartesian space coordinates. It shown that the algorithm globally convergent presence external disturbances and modelling uncertainties. Owing to robustness algorithm, a large gain can be used achieve fast convergence errors. Moreover, rather simple inverse Jacobian matrix not required.

An active fault accommodation control law is developed for a class of nonlinear systems to guarantee the closed-loop stability in presence fault, based on fuzzy logic system representation dynamics due faults. It uses approximate dynamic caused by fault. Through adaptive process parameters, counteracted. The sliding mode introduced attenuate approximation error. Simultaneity, stable Lyapunov sense and tracking error converges neighbourhood zero. example proposed design indicates that...

We use state-space methods to show that any proper, rational indefinite spectral density invertible at infinity has a rational, stable, and minimum phase factor of some degree, we write down formula for such factors.