This prospective study tested with 272 children a structural model of the network sociocognitive influences that shape children's career aspirations and trajectories. Familial socioeconomic status is linked to trajectories only indirectly through its effects on parents' perceived efficacy academic aspirations. The impact parental self‐efficacy their choice is, in turn, entirely mediated Children's academic, social, self‐regulatory influence types occupational activities for which they judge...

This prospective study with 464 older adolescents (14 to 19 years at Time 1; 16 21 2) tested the structural paths of influence through which perceived self‐efficacy for affect regulation operates in concert behavioral efficacy governing diverse spheres psychosocial functioning. Self‐efficacy regulate positive and negative is accompanied by high manage one's academic development, resist social pressures antisocial activities, engage oneself empathy others' emotional experiences. Perceived...

The present longitudinal research demonstrates robust contributions of early prosocial behavior to children's developmental trajectories in academic and social domains. Both aggressive behaviors childhood were tested as predictors achievement peer relations adolescence 5 years later. Prosocialness included cooperating, helping, sharing, consoling, the measure antisocial aspects proneness verbal physical aggression. had a strong positive impact on later preferences, but aggression no...

Voters' political choices have presumably come to depend more on their personal preferences and less social characteristics in Western democracies. We examine two aspects of personality that may influence choice, traits values, using the Five Factor Model Schwartz (1992) theory basic values. Data from 3044 voters for major coalitions Italian national election 2001 showed supporters differed largely as hypothesized. Center-left were higher than center-right friendliness openness lower energy...

This longitudinal research examined a structural model of the self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive conduct. Perceived academic and efficacy concurrently longitudinally deterred transgressiveness both directly by fostering prosocialness adherence to moral self-sanctions for harmful The impact perceived social self-efficacy was mediated through prosocialness. Moral disengagement affected mediating influence irascible affectivity hostile rumination. Ruminative affectivity, in...

We theorize that political values express basic personal in the domain of politics. test a set hypotheses specify how motivational structure constrains and gives coherence to core values. also hypothesis mediate relations voting demonstrated previous research. measured values, vote Italian adults both before (n = 1699) after 1030) 2006 national election. Basic explained substantial variance each eight (22% 53%) predicted significantly. Correlations an MDS projection among supported...

Self- and collective-efficacy beliefs were examined as main determinants of teachers' job satisfaction. In 103 Italian junior high schools, 2,688 teachers filled out self-reports to assess self-efficacy beliefs, their perceptions the extent which other school constituencies, namely, principal, colleagues, staff, students, families, behaving in accordance with obligations toward well-functioning, Multilevel structural equation functioning, modeling analyses corroborated a conceptual model...

The present study examined the developmental course of perceived efficacy for self-regulated learning and its contribution to academic achievement likelihood remaining in school a sample 412 Italian students (48% males 52% females ranging age from 12 22 years). Latent growth curve analysis revealed progressive decline self-regulatory junior senior high school, with experiencing greater reduction. lower efficacy, higher grades controlling socioeconomic status. Reciprocal cross-lagged models...

Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the United States have shown consistent changes between college age middle adulthood. There appear to be declines 3 of 5 major factors personality--Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness--and increases Agreeableness Conscientiousness. To examine cross-cultural generalizability these findings, translations Revised NEO Personality Inventory were administered samples Germany, Italy, Portugal, Croatia, South Korea (N = 7,363). Similar patterns...

BACKGROUND. The personal determinants of academic achievement and success have captured the attention many scholars for last decades. Among other factors, personality traits self-efficacy beliefs proved to be important predictors achievement. AIMS. present study examines unique contribution pathways through which (i.e., openness conscientiousness) are conducive at end junior senior high school. SAMPLE. Participants were 412 Italian students, 196 boys 216 girls, ranging in age from 13 19...

Abstract. In the present study, authors proposed a novel self-report 16-item scale for assessing individual differences in adult prosocialness and tested its measurement properties by employing an item response theory (IRT) analysis of data collected from sample 2,574 Italian adults. Prior work classical psychometric methods had already established reliability validity instrument. The study furthered this scrutiny examining whether different items were equally effective discriminating people...

Modern politics become personalized as individual characteristics of voters and candidates assume greater importance in political discourse. Although personalities capture center stage the focus voters' preferences, voters, such their traits values, decisive for choice. The authors' findings reveal that people vote whose personality are accordance with ideology preferred party. They also select politicians match own traits. Moreover, values. authors outline a congruency model preference...

The present study examined how agreeableness, self-transcendence values, and empathic self-efficacy beliefs predict individuals' tendencies to engage in prosocial behavior (i.e., prosociality) across time. Participants were 340 young adults, 190 women 150 men, age approximately 21 years at Time 1 25 2. Measures of self-transcendence, beliefs, prosociality collected 2 time points. findings corroborated the posited paths relations, with agreeableness directly predicting indirectly...

The Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy (RESE) scale was developed to assess perceived self-efficacy in managing negative (NEG) and expressing positive (POS) affect (G. V. Caprara & M. Gerbino, 2001). In this study of young adults, the factorial structure RESE found be similar Italy, United States, Bolivia. addition a factor for POS, NEG represented by second-order 2 different affects: despondency-distress (DES) anger-irritation (ANG). Overall, there partial invariance at both metric scalar...

Five studies document the validity of a new 8-item scale designed to measure positivity, defined as tendency view life and experiences with positive outlook. In first study (N = 372), psychometric properties Positivity Scale (P Scale) were examined in accordance classical test theory using large number college participants. Study 2, unidimensionality P was corroborated confirmatory factor analysis 2 independent samples (N₁ 322; N₂ 457). 3, invariance across sexes its relations self-esteem,...

Stability and change of moral disengagement were examined in a sample 366 adolescents from ages 14 to 20 years. Four developmental trajectories identified: (a) nondisengaged group that started with initially low levels followed by an important decline, (b) normative moderate (c) later desister high‐medium increase 16 years even steeper decline years, (d) chronic maintained medium‐high levels. The results attest who higher more likely show frequent aggressive violent acts late adolescence.