Decreasing trends in acidic deposition levels over the past several decades have led to partial chemical recovery of surface waters. However, depletion soil Ca from has slowed water and impairment both aquatic terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, documentation effects on soils been limited, little is known regarding responses ongoing decreases. In this study, resampling eastern Canada northeastern U.S. was done at 27 sites exposed reductions wet SO4(2-) 5.7-76%, intervals 8-24 y. Decreases...

Prolonged suppression of cambial growth has apparently caused a decline in radial many mature red spruce, Picea rubens. Surveys indicate that this occurs trees throughout the natural range spruce and is independent elevation, tree size, age class. In addition, crowns at high elevations across northeastern United States have been dying back. Understanding physiological basis for essential judicious management resource. A sequence events inferred through which an imbalance aluminum calcium...

We investigated the variability of climate-growth relationship Aleppo pine across its distribution range in Mediterranean Basin. constructed a network tree-ring index chronologies from 63 sites region. Correlation function analysis identified relationships to climate factors for each site. also estimated dominant climatic gradients region using principal component monthly, seasonal, and annual mean temperature total precipitation 1,068 gridpoints. Variation ring width was primarily related...

Wildfires are increasingly understood as an ecological driver within the entire Arctic biome. soils naturally store large quantities of C, peat has formed throughout Holocene. For Siberian Arctic, we used observations from MODIS remote sensing instrument to document changes in frequency, geographic extent, and seasonal timing wildfires well vegetation productivity (GPP, NPP, EVI). We also correlation regression analysis identify environmental factors temperature, precipitation, lightning...

Fire scars result from the death of vascular cambium resulting excessive heating, which exposes sapwood to infection and initiates wood decay process. In southeastern Ohio, prescribed fires in April 1995 1997 scarred Quercus prinus L. Q. velutina Lam. Low-intensity scorched bark produced scars, primarily on downslope side stem. Eighteen trees (4-23 cm at DBH) were dissected November 1997, 14 had fire scars. The beneath natural fissures was most vulnerable injury. No charred or associated...

Anomalies in the radial concentration trends of Ca 2+ , Mg and other divalent cations stemwood red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) occurred trees grown New England, Tennessee, North Carolina. These anomalies may be assumed to result from changes sap chemistry. inferred chemistry were expected cation availability forest soils. The patterns these interpreted as a signal regional mobilization rooting zone spruce. anomalous increase present wood formed mid-1900s is coincident both with rapid...

Mercury (Hg) is deposited from the atmosphere to remote areas such as forests, but amount of Hg in trees not well known. To determine importance trees, we analyzed foliage, bark and bole wood eight tree species at four sites northeastern USA (Huntington Forest, NY; Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Bear ME). Foliar concentrations averaged 16.3 ng g-1 among hardwood species, which was significantly lower than values conifers, 28.6 (p < 0.001). Similarly, were 0.001) hardwoods (7.7 g-1)...

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to assess the determinants hurricane evacuation behavior North Carolina coastal households during Hurricane Bonnie and a future hypothetical hurricane. We use data from telephone survey residents. Hypothetical questions are used whether respondents will evacuate where in case with varying intensities. examine social, economic, risk factors that affect decisions go shelter or motel/hotel relative other destinations. most important predictor storm...

Dendrochemical and biochemical markers link stress in apparently healthy red spruce trees (Picea rubens) to acidic deposition. Acidic deposition forests of the northeastern USA increased sharply during 1960s. Previous reports related visible damage at high elevations root soil processes. In this report, dendrochemical foliar indicate perturbations biological processes across USA. research on dendrochemistry stemwood indicated that under uniform environmental conditions, concentrations Ca Mg...

Forty to fifty percent decreases in acidic deposition through the 1980s and 1990s led partial recovery of acidified surface waters northeastern United States; however, limited number studies that have assessed soil change found increased acidification during this period. From existing data, it's not clear whether soils continued worsen or if had begun. To evaluate possible changes 1990s, six red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands New York, Vermont, Hampshire, Maine, first sampled 1992 1993,...

Fire scars have been widely used as proxies for the reconstruction of fire history; however, little is known about impact injury on wood anatomy. This study investigates changes in tracheid and ray traits Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western larch (Larix occidentalis) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), discusses their ecophysiological implications tree recovery from fire. Transverse tangential microsections were prepared light microscopy image analysis. Measurements tracheids rays...

Fire scars are initiated by cambial necrosis caused localized lethal heating of the tree stem. Scars develop as part linked survival processes compartmentalization and wound closure. The position within dated ring series is basis for dendrochronological reconstruction fire history. Macroanatomical features were described western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), ponderosa pine (Pinus Douglas ex P. Lawson &amp; C. Lawson), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) injured in 2003...

Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) wood blocks were incubated in modified soil block jars and inoculated with one of nine white rot or brown basidiomycetes. Concentrations calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, aluminum determined using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy 0, 1.5, 4, 8 months after inoculation. calcium magnesium tended to increase time a linear fashion fungi. Patterns change potassium concentrations varied. iron high decayed by some the fungi, particularly Postia...

Dendrochronological methods have been in use for more than 100 years, providing us a record of climate, human activities (archaeology), floods, fire, mudslides and other geological biological events. More recently, dendrochemisty has used to assess the time frames onset existence environmental contamination. This article assesses scientific status dendrochronology dendrochemistry with respect admissibility expert testimony Daubert legal criteria. The purpose this is identify crucial aspects...

Climate predictions for the Mediterranean Basin include increased temperatures, decreased precipitation, and frequency of extreme climatic events (ECE). These conditions are associated with tree growth vulnerability to pests diseases. The anatomy rings responds these environmental conditions. Quantitatively, width a ring is largely determined by rate duration cell division vascular cambium. In climate, this may occur throughout almost entire year. Alternatively, cease during relatively cool...

Abstract Dendroecology, or the use of ring patterns to assess age trees and environmental factors controlling their growth, is a well-developed method in climatologic studies. This holds great potential as forensic tool for dating, contamination assessment, characterization releases. Moreover, independent physical presence at time sampling because it focused on effect rather than cause. review one very few articles published date exploring applicability dendroecology. article organized two...

Resin ducts (RDs) are features present in most conifer species as defence structures against pests and pathogens; however, little is known about RD expression trees following fire injury. This study investigates changes size density scars of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) western larch (Larix occidentalis) a means to evaluate the ecophysiological significance traumatic resinosis for tree survival. Transverse tangential microsections were prepared light microscopy image analysis order...