We thank Schumann et al. (Schumann, Feuerbacher 2024) for their engagement and thoughtful comments on our article (Ide, Silvatti 2023), the overarching use of terminology in sports science. Academic debate is critical advancing field, we welcome opportunity to clarify expand arguments. While comment offers a perspective practical use, maintain that application “explosive” scientific literature may be both unnecessary potentially misleading.

Abstract This study assessed the construct validity of accelerometry-derived net force to quantify external demands basketball movements. Twenty-eight basketballers completed Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) and exercise simulation (BEST). Intensity was quantified using average (AvFNet) PlayerLoadTM per minute (PL/min). Within-player correlations were determined between intensity running speed during Yo-Yo-IR1. Measured AvFNet for movements BEST predicted calculated movement from...

This study assessed accelerometry-derived relative exercise intensity during elite women's basketball match play. The influence of player position/role and period on intensities was evaluated. Ten basketballers wore accelerometers a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) 18 competitive matches. Relative quantified using predicted oxygen consumption reserve determined correlations from Yo-Yo-IR1. Total time, bout frequency duration were calculated in seven zones compared between...

This study compared performance strategies and sub-technique selection in cross-country skate skiing sprint races, specifically individual time-trial (ITT) head-to-head (H2H) formats. Fourteen male skiers from the Chinese national team participated FIS-sanctioned race day. GNSS heart rate sensors recorded positioning, speeds, rate, usage, kinematics. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to determine course positions (clusters) where instantaneous speed significantly associated with...

Accelerometry-derived exercise dose (intensity × duration) was assessed throughout a competitive basketball season. Nine elite basketballers wore accelerometers during Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) and three two-week blocks of training that represented phases the season defined as easy, medium, hard based on difficulty match schedule. Exercise determined using accumulated impulse (accelerometry-derived average net force duration). Relative intensity quantified linear...

This study assessed the influence of exercise prescription on objectively measured dose in basketball. Intensity (RPE) and volume (sRPE) were prescribed by a professional coach drill-by-drill basis during pre-season training for nine elite basketball players. Training drills classified intensity (easy-moderate, moderate-hard, hard-very hard, very hard-maximal) type (warm-up, skill-development, offensive- defensive-technical/tactical, or match-simulation). Exercise was quantified using...

This study examined the micro-pacing strategies during a distance freestyle cross-country (XC) skiing competition. Nine female and 10 male highly trained XC skiers wore GNSS device FIS-sanctioned race. The course was ~4900 m; women completed two-laps; men three-laps. divided into uphill (S1, S3, S5, S7), downhill (S2, S4, S6, S8), flat (S9) sections for analyses. Statistical parametric mapping used to determine positions (clusters) where total race time or section significantly associated...

Abstract Objective This study aimed to identify Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for men’s swimming strokes using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Regression enhance training strategies performance optimization. The analyses included all individual 100 m races of the 2019 European Short-Course Swimming Championships. Results Duration from 5 prior wall contact (In5) emerged as a consistent KPI strokes. Free Speed (FSS) was identified 'continuous' (Breaststroke Butterfly),...

This study aimed to optimise performance prediction in short-course swimming through Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and multiple regression. All women's freestyle races at the European Short-Course Swimming Championships were analysed. Established metrics obtained including start, free-swimming, turn metrics. PCA conducted reduce redundant variables, a linear regression was performed where criterion time. A practical tool, Potential Predictor, developed from equations facilitate...

To permit the collection of quantitative data on start, turn and clean swimming performances in any pool, aims present study were to (1) validate a mobile in-field performance analysis system (PAS) against Kistler starting block equipped with force plates synchronized 2D camera (KiSwim, Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland), (2) assess PAS’s interrater reliability (3) provide percentiles as reference values for elite junior adult swimmers. Members Swiss national teams including medalists at...

Abstract Purpose To examine the effect of freediving depth on risk for hypoxic blackout by recording arterial oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and heart rate (HR) during deep shallow dives in sea. Methods Fourteen competitive freedivers conducted open-water training wearing a water-/pressure proof pulse oximeter continuously HR SpO . Dives were divided into (> 35 m) (10–25 post-hoc data from one dive 10 divers compared. Results Mean ± SD was 53 14 m 17 4 dives. Respective durations (120 18 s...

The current paper discusses the concepts and definitions of external internal loads in sports science quantification athletes’ performance psychobiological responses. We provide practical solutions for improving human assessment by suggesting related terms consistent terminology that align with biomechanical standards. This will help to avoid discrepancies meaning across various subdisciplines sport exercise medicine. Where possible, should be characterized quantified according physical...

Investigate the effect of biathlon rifle carriage on physiological and accelerometer-derived responses during skiing.Twenty-eight biathletes (11F, 17M) completed two XC skiing time-trials (~2,300 m), once with without rifle, concurrent measurements HR, speed accelerations recorded from three triaxial accelerometers attached at Upper-spine, Lower-spine Pelvis. Exercise intensity was quantified as well accelerometry-derived PlayerLoad™ per minute (PL·min-1) average net force (AvFNet). All...

Staunton, CA, Stanger, JJ, Wundersitz, DW, Gordon, BA, Custovic, E, and Kingsley, MI. Criterion validity of a MARG sensor to assess countermovement jump performance in elite basketballers. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 797-803, 2021-This study assessed the criterion magnetic, angular rate, gravity (MARG) measure (CMJ) metrics, including CMJ kinetics before take-off, Fifty-four basketballers performed 2 CMJs on force platform with data simultaneously recorded by located centrally player's back....

This study investigated micro-pacing strategies during sit para-biathlon. Six elite para-biathletes wore a positioning system device the world-championships in three different competition formats (Sprint, Middle-distance, and Long-distance). Total Skiing Time (TST), penalty-time, shooting-time, Race (TRT) were analysed. One-way analyses of variance used to compare relative contributions TST, shooting-time TRT across race formats. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was determine course...

Despite not being recognized by the International System of Units, explosive is a term often applied in sports science and professional practice. While associated with force, strength, power, performance, exercise, movements, contraction, action, training, readers may be misled to believe that there are further analyses beyond power output, peak contractile rate force development, impulse. This critical review discusses misuse literature, proposes alternatives, encourages correct definitions...

Compared with other major global team sports such as football or basketball, ice hockey has received considerably less attention in sport-science research. However, the research focus on performance is growing rapidly. Unfortunately, despite interest hockey, among little that been conducted there are inconsistencies terminology and methodology study of physiology during games. The need for systematic standardized reporting vital, a lack methodological detail make it impossible to replicate...

To compare the anaerobic work capacity (AnWC, i.e., attributable mechanical work) assessed using four different approaches/models applied to time-trial (TT) cycle-ergometry exercise.Fifteen male cyclists completed a 7 × 4-min submaximal protocol and 3-min all-out TT (TTAO). Linear relationships between power output (PO) metabolic rate were constructed estimate TT-specific gross efficiency (GE) AnWC, either measured resting as Y-intercept (7 + YLIN) or no (7-YLIN). In addition, GE of last...

To critically appraise the utility of heart rate (HR) and power output (PO) to predict metabolic (MR) oxygen consumption (V˙O2) during variable-intensity roller skiing cycling.National-level cyclists (n = 8) cross-country skiers 9) completed a preliminary session determine V˙O2max, protocol with 3 high-intensity stages at 90% V˙O2max for minutes interspersed moderate-intensity 70% 6 minutes. Cardiorespiratory measures were recorded throughout. Linear HR-MR, HR-V˙O2, PO-MR, PO-V˙O2...