A compact, low-profile, two-port dual-band circularly polarized (CP) antenna for portable RFID readers is presented. The radiating element the UHF-RFID band (902-928 MHz) has been realized through a circular array of four inverted-F meandered monopoles, where elements are excited with 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> phase offset (sequential rotation feeding technique) microstrip network. In order to also provide reader...

This paper presents a measurement method for tagged item classification in radio frequency identification (RFID)-based smart drawers. Specifically, the amplitude of signal backscattered by UHF-RFID passive tags attached to items inside drawer is used identify at which an assigned set subregions each detected tag belongs to. The received strength indicator (RSSI) may be acquired almost any commercial reader chipset compatible with Electronic Product Code (EPC) Class1 Gen2 protocol. RSSI model...

Microstrip patch antennas are widely employed in several applications, thanks to their low profile, cost, and easy manufacturing. However, the demand for new technologies providing compactness high performance poses a long-lasting challenge antenna designer. Traditional methods bandwidth improvement size reduction have some drawbacks, tied mostly poor radiation or troublesome implementation. In this letter, novel, simple, but effective layout exploiting customizable form factor guaranteed by...

In differentiated tissues, such as muscle and brain, increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels stimulate glycolytic flux rates. the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, which characteristically has a constantly high rate, AMP induces strong inhibition of glycolysis. The human MDA-MB-453, on other hand, is characterized by more metabolic phenotype. MDA-MB-453 cells have lower rate higher pyruvate consumption than MCF-7 cells. addition, they an active glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. inhibits...

The robustness of wearable UHF-band planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs), with respect to body-antenna separation and human tissue dispersion, is addressed through numerical investigations. main goal gaining physical insights into the relationship between grounded antenna performance distribution electric magnetic energy densities in near-field region close ground plane border. A criterion for choosing a proper shape suggested, which can improve random variations coupling scenario, but minimal...

A low-profile printed antenna is proposed here for vehicular communications, covering wireless standards in a wide frequency range (698-2690 MHz) that includes the Long Term Evolution band. Multiple monopole antennas are on same compact substrate, easily embeddable under shark-fin cover, and they properly optimized to resonate considered tapered profile thin slot have been introduced achieve good impedance matching, especially at higher frequencies. Numerical simulations measurement results...

This article presents a review of antennas for UHF NF RFID readers. It addresses the specific requirements, design considerations, and guidelines, discusses illustrates major types designs reported in scientific literature.

The robustness of wearable antennas to the human body proximity can be improved by properly placing radiating element over a ground plane, or shaping on basis antenna electric and magnetic energy density distributions, aiming confine in specific regions far from border. effectiveness above design criterion has been assessed through both numerical analysis experimental measurements, optimizing position grounded ultrahigh frequency radio identification tag operating at ETSI band (865-868 MHz),...

A novel combination of loop and dipole antennas into a Yagi-like structure is here investigated to implement wearable antenna. The textile antenna designed for being integrated smart glove together with compact UHF-radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. number structures have been analyzed compared, which consist rhombus-shaped folded parasitic elements acting as either reflector or directors. latter are needed focus the field out operator hand, so limiting radiation toward undesired...

An array of 2 × travelling wave antennas (TWAs) is proposed for near-field RFID applications in the UHF band (865–928 MHz). Each element characterised by a meandered line based on coplanar waveguide technology. All TWAs end matched load, which allows non-stationary current and field distributions as well low far-field gain. Thus, strong uniform fields within confined volume above antenna surface have been obtained, with maximisation central area, where tagged items are supposed to lie on....

In this letter, a metric is proposed to qualitatively predict the achievable reading performance of near-field (NF) UHF-RFID (865-928 MHz) desktop reader antenna, through numerical analysis.Specifically, since typical far-field antenna parameters (gain, radiation pattern, axial ratio) are not effective in region, normalized power density here as parameter.For given NF mean value evaluated on an area parallel surface, at set different distances.Then, its decay rate studied function distance...

The robustness of wearable UHF-band ungrounded antennas with respect to body-coupling effects is addressed. Two different configurations single-layer antennas, energy density distributions, are presented, and a design criterion improve their performance the antenna-body separation derived. Through an analysis antenna electric magnetic it shown that degradation due proximity human body can be reduced if confined in specific regions far from border. proposed has been validated by numerical...

A compact wearable dual-band quasi-Yagi RFID-reader antenna is designed for being incorporated into a smart glove. The capability allows the integration of both RFID reader at UHF band and wireless data link 2.4 GHz, single device. Dipole loop antennas are combined structure to be placed on hand back, in order detect tagged objects close palm fingers, during operator normal activities. driven element consists rectangular-shaped folded dipole (resonating ETSI band, 865-868 MHz) rhombus-shaped...

A dual circularly polarized (CP) stacked patch antenna for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) WLAN applications (2.4-2.485 GHz) is presented, which exploits a square ring slot feeding technique. The occupies an overall area of 96 mm x 39 mm, when also including the metal reflector. 7-dBic gain prototype presents axial ratio lower than 2.5 dB as well port isolation higher 25 dB. An envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) 0.02 achieved among two ports, thanks to polarization orthogonality....

Bei elektrischer Anregung von Ammoniak unter Drucken bis zu 1 atm wurden im Bereich 5200 8500 A zwei neue, als „C“- und „D-Spektrum“ bezeichnete Bandensysteme beobachtet. Beide Spektren sowohl NH 3 auch ND untersucht. Die Isotopieverschiebung ist groß. Für das C-Spektrum deuten die beobachteten Schwingungen auf einen Träger hin, der neben einem oder mehreren H-Atomen mindestens 2 N-Atome enthält.

The integration of slot antennas in a class commercial photovoltaic (PV) panels is addressed. basic idea to exploit the room available between adjacent solar cells, also taking advantage presence cover glass layer that gives valuable miniaturization effect. As test cases, two antenna designs are presented for stand-alone communication systems operating GSM/UMTS (1710-2170 MHz) and WiMAX (3300-3800 frequency bands, respectively. At early design stage, has been performed by resorting...

A near-field UHF (865-928MHz) RFID desktop reader antenna is designed by means of a traveling wave antenna. Since the detection tagged item in an arbitrary position and orientation desirable, meandered coplanar waveguide (CPW) line properly designed, getting homogeneous magnetic field amplitude. The main parameters (reflection coefficient, gain, effective isotropic factor) are presented discussed. Furthermore, simulated measured H-field distribution compared, resulting good agreement....

This paper provides a review spanning different technologies used to implement near-field focused antennas at the microwave frequency band up few tens of GHz: arrays microstrip patches and printed dipoles, dielectric resonator antennas, reflectarrays, transmitarrays, Fresnel zone plate lenses, leaky-wave waveguide arrays.

In this paper, a reconfigurable modular antenna is presented for smart point readers employed in near-field (NF) radio-frequency identification applications at the ultrahigh frequency European Telecommunications Standards Institute band (865-868 MHz). The comprises two modules sharing same 250 × mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> aperture: spiral-shaped traveling wave and an array of four resonating slot antennas...

Near-field (NF) antennas have been successfully adopted in several wireless applications. To exploit the high reconfigurability of array antennas, multiple synthesis techniques for arrays operating NF region proposed. Building upon previous works on eigenmode expansions radiated fields, two methods excitations based definition an inner product electromagnetic fields are investigated: "maximum norm" and "minimum error field methods. The method computes that maximize either active power flow...