The authors examined the effects that differently framed and targeted health messages have on persuading low-income women to obtain screening mammograms. recruited 752 over 40 years of age from community clinics public housing developments assigned randomly view videos were either gain or loss specifically their ethnic groups multicultural. Loss-framed, multicultural most persuasive. advantage loss-framed, was especially apparent for Anglo Latinas but not African American women. These...

Abstract The present research moved beyond focusing on negative dispositions to investigate the influence of positive aspects personality, namely extraversion and openness, stress responses including appraisals, affect task performance. Challenge appraisals occur when stressor demands are deemed commensurate with coping resources, whereas threat believed outweigh resources. We examined unique personality mediating role appraisals. Personality was assessed, then participants ( N = 152) were...

Persuasive health messages can be framed to emphasize the benefits of adopting a behavior (gains) or risks not it (losses). This study examined effects message framing on beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors relevant cigarette smoking. In video presentations about tobacco smoking, visual images auditory voiceover content were either as gains losses, yielding 4 conditions. Undergraduates ( N = 437) attending public university in New England assigned randomly view one these messages. Gain‐framed...

In a randomized experiment, women (N = 441) watched either loss- or gain-framed video emphasizing the prevention detection functions of Pap test to hypothesis that and messages differentially influence health behaviors depending on risk involved in performing behavior. As predicted, loss-framed costs not detecting cervical cancer early (a risky behavior) benefits preventing less were most persuasive motivating obtain test.

This study examined whether providing messages matched to women's monitor-blunter coping styles is effective in encouraging mammography utilization. Female callers a cancer information hotline were assessed at the end of their regular telephone call and classified as monitors or blunters. A randomly assigned message promoting utilization, tailored for blunters, was delivered on telephone, similarly brochure refrigerator magnet mailed participants immediately after call. Women telephoned 6 12...

The use of tailored health communications has become a favored technique for persuading individuals to engage in behaviors, such as screening mammography. This experiment examined the impact tailoring persuasive one aspect individuals' information-processing styles, that need cognition (NFC), enjoyment thinking deeply about issues. To determine whether messages matched an individual's NFC are more influential than mismatched messages, 602 women who called Cancer Information Service (CIS)...

Smoking‐cessation messages usually emphasize the costs of continuing to smoke (loss‐framed). However, prospect theory suggests that instead benefits quitting smoking (gain‐framed) could be more effective than loss‐framed because cessation is likely viewed as a cancer‐prevention behavior with certain rather risky outcome. In this study, smokers at public events read brochures containing brief gain‐ or smoking‐cessation messages. The influence framing was moderated by participants' need for...

The effects of prior task exposure on cardiovascular reactivity to stress were examined in two experiments by randomly assigning participants repeated groups that performed mental arithmetic pretest and test tasks versus delayed only the after prolonged rest. Impedance cardiographic blood pressure measures recorded continuously from 60 undergraduate men Experiment 1 112 women 2. Task repetition attenuated improved performance (p < .001), suggesting an integrated process behavioral...

Abstract Appraisals are the portal to emotional experience and action. Past research has demonstrated that challenge threat appraisals have different implications for psychological, physiological, behavioural responses, typically relying on two‐item assessments of appraisals. The present study investigated predictive utility a theoretically expanded appraisal measure. Both indexes were used classify participants as either challenged (task demands rated commensurate with coping resources) or...

AbstractBackground: An excessive level of stress and anxiety in medical education can have a negative impact on learning. In particular, the interaction between attending surgeons trainees operating room could induce that is counterproductive, especially if teaching style or feedback unduly harsh critical.Aim: To characterize effects resulting from attending–trainee during surgical skill acquisition.Methods: Forty students learned to perform FLS pattern-cutting task for first time one four...

The present study used a workplace climate survey (N = 252) and semi-structured interviews 12) to investigate faculty perceptions of, experiences in, their STEM departments across four diverse institutions in order understand barriers women's success. We found that although men women are equally productive, report department perceives them as less productive than men. Similarly, believe they have influence on, experience collegiality Women also perceive more sexism discrimination These...

The impact of evaluative observation on cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation to recurrent psychological stress was evaluated in 162 undergraduate men women. All participants performed three mental arithmetic tasks with or without observation. Impedance cardiographic, blood pressure, task performance, appraisal measures were recorded for each task. Evaluative moderated the effects repetition cardiac but not vascular reactivity. introduction disrupted adaptation, resulting a resurgence...

This field experiment examined the persuasiveness of matching health messages to individuals' locus control beliefs in an effort promote screening mammography. Women (N = 499) who called New England regional office Cancer Information Service were stratified by their and randomly assigned receive a telephone message follow-up print materials matched either internal or external orientation. As expected, women received information consistent with generally more likely obtain mammogram 6 12...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical examination the convergent validity two foremost measurement methods used assess adaptive performance: subjective ratings and objective task scores. Predictors performance have been extensively examined, but limited research attention has directed at adaptability itself as a validated construct within job domain. Due neglect, it unclear if researchers can generalize findings across criterion methods. Design/methodology/approach...

The interrater reliability and concurrent validity of two methods scoring the ensemble‐averaged impedance cardiogram were evaluated. Impedance cardiographic electrocardiographic signals recorded from 40 undergraduate men women during a baseline rest period vocal mental arithmetic task period. Recordings scored by four raters using conventional method, involving ensemble averaging after careful editing beat‐to‐beat waveforms, streamlined without editing. Intraclass correlations for exceeded...

The transition into college can pose barriers for student success. We examined the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) compared to an active and no treatment control group, respectively, on stressor appraisals, academic persistence, performance in unversity students.Students were randomly assigned receive MBSR (n = 29), study skills 27), or 29).Participants reported appraisals persistence pre- post-intervention. Semester grade point average (GPA) enrollment was also...