This paper presents a flexible microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) fabricated on polyimide film substrate. The proposed LPF with ten cascaded asymmetrical Pi-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) resonators are designed, simulated, manufactured, and measured. simulation experiment results demonstrate that the designed has very sharp transition band, an ultra-wide stop-band (SB) high rejection in SB performance compared existed LPFs symmetrical DGS. is compact size of 100 mm × 2.6 0.254 mm, low...

Nowadays, mobile application services face the challenges of high speed, low latency and reliability. The combination digital twin (DT) technology edge computing (MEC) network can effectively solve these challenges. DT help MEC monitor predict states. In this paper, we propose a DT-aided scenario with deep neural (DNN) inference as task end devices (EDs). ED offload part DNN layers to server. To allocate communication resources, an algorithm based on asynchronous advantage actor-critic...

The design and implementation of a spiral-folded printed quadrifilar helical antenna (FPQHA) is presented for global positioning system (GPS) L1-/L2-band application. proposed FPQHA can be miniaturized by inserting dielectric loading inside the helix, covering radiation elements sealant turning into form parallelogram spirals. manufactured antenna's are on hollow rod ceramic substrate with diameter 12 mm height 24.7 mm. measurement results mounting unmanned platform fit very well...

With the development of wireless communication technology, requirement for data rate is growing rapidly. Mobile system faces problem shortage spectrum resources. Cognitive radio technology allows secondary users to use frequencies authorized primary user with permission user, which can effectively improve utilization In this article, we establish a cognitive network model based on underlay and propose resource allocation algorithm DDQN (Double Deep Q Network). The jointly optimizes...

The design and implementation of printed helical spiral antenna (PHSA) inverted-F (IFA) are presented for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with global positioning system (GPS) L1 band (1.57 GHz) telemetry communication frequency (2.33 applications. proposed is miniaturized by co-winding the radiation elements on same ceramic rod, surface covering dielectric sealant, inserting a high permittivity load into structure, turning meandering element PHSA parallelogram structure. IFA manufactured...

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase advanced reasoning, yet NLP evaluations often depend on static benchmarks. Evaluating this necessitates environments that test strategic reasoning dynamic, competitive scenarios requiring long-term planning. We introduce AucArena, a novel evaluation suite simulates auctions, setting chosen for being highly unpredictable and involving many skills related to resource risk management, while also easy evaluate. conduct controlled...

Abstract Nowadays, wireless communication system is facing the problems of spectrum resource shortage. Cognitive radio technology allows cognitive users to use spectrums authorized primary improve utilization. In this paper, a network model based on hybrid overlay–underlay access mode established. To solve allocation problem, multi‐agent algorithm graph convolution reinforcement learning which combines deep Q (DQN) and attention proposed. DQN used for action selection obtain information...

Network slicing can provide logically isolated networks on the shared network infrastructure by invoking multiple technologies and administrative domains to fulfill end-to-end (E2E) service level agreements (SLAs). To guarantee E2E communication quality in sliced network, an SLA-based cross-domain orchestration framework is proposed this paper. The includes coordination orchestrator at upper layer subordinate domain controllers. Furthermore, we design two latency equalization policies...

To solve the contradiction between limited spectrum resources and increasing communication demand, this paper proposes a wireless resource allocation scheme based on Deep Q Network (DQN) to allocate radio in downlink multi-user cognitive (CR) network with slicing. Secondary users (SUs) are multiplexed using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The SUs use hybrid mode improve spectral efficiency (SE). Considering demand for services, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) slice ultrareliable...

The cognitive network has become a promising method to solve the spectrum resources shortage problem. Especially for optimization of slicing in radio access (RAN), we are interested profit mobile virtual operator (MVNO) and utility secondary users (SUs). In RAN, aim find optimal scheme MVNO efficiently allocate slice SUs. Since SUs selfish game between is difficult reach equilibrium, consider modeling this as Stackelberg game. Leveraging mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints...

Heterogeneous base station deployment enables to provide high capacity and wide area coverage. Network slicing makes it possible allocate wireless resource for heterogeneous services on demand. These two promising technologies contribute the unprecedented service in 5G. We establish a multiservice network model, which aims raise transmission rate under delay constraints active control terminals, optimize energy efficiency passive terminals. A policy-gradient-based deep reinforcement learning...

With the development of digitalization and intelligence, heating, ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) system is facing challenges changing environments, stricter quality standards increased energy efficiency requirements. In this paper, a digital twin generation method for environmental temperature humidity control based on time series prediction (TSP) proposed. The comprised forecasting model attention-based temporal convolutional network (ATCN) proximal policy optimization (PPO). Through...

With the integration of industrialization and informatization, contradiction between radio supply demand has become increasingly prominent. To improve utilization spectrum resources, it is necessary to use cognitive technology NOMA (NON Othogonal Multiple Access) technology. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm by combining graph convolutional neural network DQN (Deep Q Network) algorithm, which suitable for slice resource allocation scenario. Simulation...