The human visual system is highly tuned to perceive actual motion as well extrapolate dynamic information from static pictures of objects or creatures captured in the middle motion. Processing implied activates higher-order areas that are also involved processing biological Imagery and observation movements performed by others engenders selective activation motor premotor part a mirror-neuron matching action execution. By using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, we found mere...

Neurophysiological and imaging studies have shown that seeing the actions of other individuals brings about vicarious activation motor regions involved in performing same actions. While this suggests a simulative mechanism mediating perception others' actions, one cannot use such evidence to make inferences functional significance activations. Indeed, central aim social neuroscience is comprehend how activations allow understanding people's behavior, requires stimulation or lesion methods...

Several neurophysiologic and neuroimaging studies suggested that motor perceptual systems are tightly linked along a continuum rather than providing segregated mechanisms supporting different functions. Using correlational approaches, these demonstrated action observation activates not only visual but also brain regions. On the other hand, stimulation lesion evidence allows tackling critical question of whether our representations necessary to perceive understand others' actions. In...

Observation of snapshots depicting ongoing motor acts increases corticospinal excitability. Such facilitation indexes the anticipatory simulation observed (implied) actions and likely reflects computations occurring in parietofrontal nodes a cortical network subserving action perception (action observation network, AON). However, direct evidence for active role AON simulating future seen is lacking. Using perturb-and-measure transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) approach, we show that...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methods such as cortico-cortical paired associative (ccPAS) can increase the strength of functional connectivity between ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor (M1) via spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), leading to enhanced functions in young adults. However, whether this STDP-inducing protocol is effective aging brain remains unclear. In two groups elderly healthy adults, we evaluated manual dexterity with 9-hole peg task before after...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies report that viewing a given action performed by model activates the neural representation of onlooker's muscles are activated during actual execution observed action. Here we sought to determine whether this mirror observation-execution facilitation reflects only muscular specificity or it is also influenced postural congruency between onlooker/model body parts. We recorded motor potentials evoked single-pulse TMS from first dorsal interosseous...

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies show that action observation facilitates the onlooker's cortico-spinal system supporting notion of motor mirroring. Repetitive (rTMS) over ventral premotor cortex (vPMc) impairs visual discrimination body actions. Although suggest observation-execution matching may map only actions belong to observer's repertoire, we demonstrated comparable and facilitation during biomechanically possible as well impossible It has also been shown...

Background Theories of embodied language suggest that the motor system is differentially called into action when processing motor-related versus abstract content words or sentences. It has been recently shown negative polarity action-related sentences modulates neural activity premotor and cortices. Methods Findings We sought to determine whether reading brought about differential modulation cortico-spinal excitability depending on hand-action related Facilitatory paired-pulses Transcranial...

Non-verbal communication is the basis of animal interactions. In dyadic leader–follower interactions, leaders master ability to carve their motor behaviour in order ‘signal’ future actions and internal plans while these signals influence follower partners, who automatically tend imitate leader even complementary Despite usefulness, signalling imitation have a biomechanical cost, it unclear how this cost–benefits trade-off managed during repetitive interactions that present learnable...

Virtuosic musical performance requires fine sensorimotor skills and high predictive control of the fast finger movements that produce intended sounds, cannot be corrected once notes have been played. The anticipatory nature motor in experts explains why is barely affected by auditory feedback. Using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, we provide evidence that, expert pianists (Experiment 1), observation a mute piano fingering error induces 1) time-locked facilitation hand...

Abstract concepts (ACs, e.g. ‘justice’) are more complex compared with concrete (CCs) (e.g. ‘table’). Indeed, they do not possess a single object as referent, assemble quite heterogeneous members and detached from exteroceptive grounded in interoceptive experience. Recent views have hypothesized that interpersonal communication is particularly crucial to acquire use ACs. The current study investigates the reliance of ACs/CCs representation on behaviour. We asked participants perform motor...

Prediction of "when" a partner will act and "what" he is going to do crucial in joint-action contexts. However, studies on face-to-face interactions which two people have mutually adjust their movements time space are lacking. Moreover, while passive observation shown that somato-motor simulative processes disrupted when the observed actor perceived as an out-group or unfair individual, impact interpersonal perception joint-actions has never been directly addressed. Here we explored this...

Successful motor interactions require agents to anticipate what a partner is doing in order predictively adjust their own movements. Although the neural underpinnings of ability predict others' action goals have been well explored during passive observation, no study has yet clarified any critical substrate supporting interpersonal coordination active, non-imitative (complementary) interactions. Here, we combine non-invasive inhibitory brain stimulation (continuous Theta Burst Stimulation)...

Abstract During social interactions people automatically apply stereotypes in order to rapidly categorize others. Racial differences are among the most powerful cues that drive these categorizations and modulate our emotional cognitive reactivity We investigated whether implicit racial bias may also shape hand kinematics during execution of realistic joint actions with virtual in- out-group partners. Caucasian participants were required perform synchronous imitative or complementary...

The primary motor cortex (M1) is highly influenced by premotor/motor areas both within and across hemispheres. Dual site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) has revealed interhemispheric interactions mainly at early latencies. Here, we used dsTMS to systematically investigate long-latency causal between right-hemisphere the left M1 (lM1). We stimulated lM1 using a suprathreshold test stimulus (TS) elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in right hand. Either or subthreshold conditioning...

Creating real-life dynamic contexts to study interactive behaviors is a fundamental challenge for the social neuroscience of interpersonal relations. Real synchronic motor interactions involve online, inter-individual mutual adaptation (the ability adapt one's movements those another in order achieve shared goal). In contribution left anterior Intra Parietal Sulcus (aIPS) (i.e. region supporting functions) adaptation, here, we combined behavioral grasping task where pairs participants...

Humans tend to spontaneously imitate others' behavior, even when detrimental the task at hand. The action observation network (AON) is consistently recruited during imitative tasks. However, whether automatic imitation mediated by cortico-cortical projections from AON regions primary motor cortex (M1) remains speculative. Similarly, potentially dissociable role of AON-to-M1 pathways involving ventral premotor (PMv) or supplementary area (SMA) in unclear. Here, we used paired associative...

Despite the fact that deficits in social communication and interaction are at core of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC), no study has yet tested individuals on a continuum from neurotypical development to autism an on-line, cooperative, joint action task. In our study, we aimed assess whether degree autistic traits affects participants' ability modulate their motor behavior while interacting Joint Grasping task according given role. Sixteen pairs adult participants played cooperative...

Perception of the visual vertical is strongly based on our ability to match inflow with vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile, and even visceral information that contributes maintaining an internal representation vertical. An important cortical region implicated in multisensory integration right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which also involved higher order forms body- space-related cognition. To test whether this integrates body-related necessary for establishing subjective vertical, we...

Abstract Interpersonal motor interactions require the simultaneous monitoring of one’s own and partner’s actions. To characterize how action system tracks self other behavior during synchronous interactions, we combined electroencephalography recordings immersive virtual reality in two tasks where participants were asked to synchronize their actions with those a partner (VP). The differed features be monitored: Goal task required predict monitor VP’s reaching goal; Spatial trajectory. In...