Proton diffusion along membrane surfaces is thought to be essential for many cellular processes such as energy transduction. Commonly, it treated a succession of jumps between membrane-anchored proton-binding sites. Our experiments provide evidence an alternative model. We released membrane-bound caged protons by UV flashes and monitored their arrival at distant sites fluorescence measurements. The kinetics the probed function distance different membranes water isotopes. found that proton...

In this paper, we propose to use spatial modulation (SM) and the generalized (GSM) MIMO schemes in indoor line-of-sight (LOS) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication at 60GHz. SM/GSM are known but only low-GHz frequencies where channels typically rich scattered characterized by Rayleigh or Rician distribution. However, 60-GHz not rather sparsely dominated LOS component, thus making them different from fading our work novel. We first seek optimize SM finding channel conditions that minimize...

We report on the use of broadband chirp signals for spread spectrum systems in indoor applications. The presented system concepts make transmission and pulse compression. Different modulation schemes resulting different performance complexity are compared terms bit error rate AWGN channel frequency selective radio channels. present simulations measurement results from demonstrator which surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices generation matched altering signals. RF IF bandwidth 2.4 GHz, 348.8...

Microcystin, a hepatotoxin that represents serious health risk for humans and livestock, is produced by the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa in freshwater bodies worldwide. Here we describe discovery of lectin, microvirin (MVN), M. PCC7806 shares 33% identity with potent anti-HIV protein cyanovirin-N from Nostoc ellipsosporum. Carbohydrate microarrays were employed to demonstrate high specificity high-mannose structures containing alpha(1-->2) linked mannose residues....

Synchronization is a key functionality in wireless network, enabling wide variety of services. We consider Bayesian inference framework whereby network nodes can achieve phase and skew synchronization fully distributed way. In particular, under the assumption Gaussian measurement noise, we derive two message passing methods (belief propagation mean field), analyze their convergence behavior, perform qualitative quantitative comparison with number competing algorithms. also show that both be...

Cooperative localization in agent networks based on interagent time-of-flight measurements is closely related to synchronization. To leverage this relation, we propose a Bayesian factor graph framework for cooperative simultaneous and synchronization (CoSLAS). This suited mobile agents time-varying local clock parameters. Building the CoSLAS graph, develop distributed (decentralized) belief propagation algorithm practically important case of an affine model asymmetric time stamping. Our...

In this work, we present a novel portable, flexible and easy-to-use experimental setup for investigating salinity-based information transmission in microfluidic channels. At the receiver, different salinity-levels are detected by customized electronic circuit, which measures electrical conductivity via electrodes channel. We provide detailed description of setup, including chip fabrication. Moreover, develop rigorous mathematical model each testbed component an end-to-end system, have...

We use space shift keying (SSK), which is the simplest form of spatial modulation (SM), to present and analyze idea in line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. show that SSK can operate effectively LOS conditions provided antennas are properly placed at TX RX such a high-rank LOS-MIMO channel constructed. The operating for LOS-SSK with parallel uniform linear arrays established two schemes, namely orthogonal bi-orthogonal SSK, introduced. bit error probabilities both methods derived given closed...

In this letter, we investigate diffusion-based molecular communication between two mobile nano-machines. We derive a closed-form expression for the first hitting time distribution by characterizing motion of information particles and nano-machines via Brownian motion. validate derived through particle-based simulation. For transfer consider single different types, where transposition errors are dominant source errors. an analytical expected bit error probability evaluate performance static...

In this paper, we study the capacity and symbol error probability (SEP) of generalized spatial modulation (GSM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) using measured channels that are obtained by channel sounding in an indoor office environment at 60GHz. Spatial (SM) GSM emerging low-complexity MIMO schemes have been extensively researched for low-GHz (below 6GHz) communications. Recently, they considered shown to be promising also (mmWave) simplest possible case, require only one RF chain...

This paper presents a comparative study of adaptive algorithms for digital predistortion (DPD) in multiple antenna transmitters. Crossover predistorter (CO-DPD) and crosstalk canceling (CTC-DPD) were proposed to overcome the deleterious effect RF before power amplifiers (PA) on discusses linearization performance computational complexity least mean square (LMS) recursive squares (RLS) CO-DPD CTC-DPD. The single transmitter can be extended CO-DPD, by incorporating DPD coefficients more than...

Receive spatial modulation (RSM) is a recently introduced multi-antenna transmission scheme that capable of achieving high spectral efficiency at low hardware and processing complexity. We study RSM for application in indoor line-of-sight (LOS) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication. Significantly different from low-gigahertz channels, which are typically modeled by Rician distribution, mmWave channels sparsely-scattered dominated LOS propagation. Hence, we consider the specific...

The standardization phase for third-generation wide-band CDMA systems like the universal mobile telecommunication system, which will add broad-band data to support video, Internet access, and other high-speed services untethered devices is running toward its finalization. As typical communication standardization, sufficient RF performance has been assumed most efforts have put digital baseband issues. This especially true phone transceivers, part of (although much more complex in terms...

In this paper, we propose to use variable-N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> generalized spatial modulation (VGSM), which is a specific type of modulation, in indoor line-of-sight (LOS) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication. As compared with fixed-N VGSM needs less number transmitter (TX) antennas achieve the same data rate. Reducing especially important for LOS mmWave MIMO communication, since it means reduced array...

The simple arginine binder 1 could be optimized by strengthening pi-cation as well electrostatic interactions. Electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents in the 5-position provide experimental evidence for interactions, because binding energies increase up to 0.6 kcal/mol due a single benzene-guanidinium interaction. Even more effective is introduction of third phosphonate functionality at correct distance, so that guanidinium cation recognized optimal and hydrogen bond Monte Carlo...

From wearables to smart appliances, the Internet of Things (IoT) is developing at a rapid pace. The challenge find best fitting solution within range different technologies that all may be appropriate first sight realize specific embedded device. A single tool for measuring power consumption various wireless and low modes helps optimize development process modern IoT systems. In this paper, we present an accurate but still cost-effective measurement tracking highly dynamic We extended...

5G, the latest generation of cellular technology, targets not only enhanced data rates but also new applications which require, e.g., ultra-reliable low latency communication. Verticals like industrial automation or automotive, want to make use this type wireless services, need experimental deployments test performance 5G in various modes and environments for their cases. Due ongoing stan-dardization process, networks based on open-source frameworks are especially well suited, as they...

We report on the use of broad-band chirp signals for spread-spectrum communications in indoor and industrial environments. The well-known pulse compression technique associated with is exploited to achieve a highly robust communication system. For generation signals, surface acoustic wave delay lines fabricated from an LiTaO/sub 3/-X112rotY substrate are used. Center frequency, bandwidth, duration, rate 348.8 MHz, 80 500 ns, /spl plusmn/40 MHz//spl mu/s, respectively. Different modulation...

Design and performance of a low-cost wireless communication system for indoor industrial environments are presented. The is based on chirp-signal transmission to achieve robust link. For the chirp expansion compression, surface acoustic wave chirped delay lines fabricated from LiTaO/sub 3/-X112rotY used. Center frequency, bandwidth, rate 348.8 MHz, 80 /spl plusmn/40 MHz//spl mu/s, respectively. An optimized square-root weighting was chosen reduce sidelobes compressed pulse -42 dB compared...

We investigate the use of a known symbol sequence - so-called unique word (UW) instead well-known cyclic prefix (as it is used in OFDM, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, systems) for single carrier system with domain equalization (SC/FDE). The considered SC/FDE similar to one proposed IEEE 802.16.3c target group. It shown that UW fulfils theorem convolution required efficient implementation structure. elaborate on advantages result equalization, channel estimation, and...

Building compact and low-cost yet flexible reconfigurable radios for future wireless systems is generally a challenging task. On one hand, the needs flexibility re-configurability prevent using dedicated hardware particularly designed optimized only single application or part of radio spectrum. And on other to keep overall size cost equipment feasible, especially in multi-antenna multi-radio scenarios, individual are strongly limited. As result, various imperfections impairments expected...

In industrial applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), synchronized sampling data on each node is often required. Thus, the communication protocol needs to support accurate timing synchronization. If due a high rate also throughput required, WSNs based IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer do not provide sufficient rate. Wireless communications well-established 802.11 local area network (WLAN) standard provides but an synchronization unless stack severely changed. We propose two...

We present the design of a suite protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with respect to complete life cycle WSN node from warehouse end operation. While there are numerous publications on various, usually isolated, aspects WSNs, whole registration in an automation system via warehouse, calibration, mounting, performing measurements finally unmounting, has not yet been sufficiently addressed as compound survey. Our application example is be used automotive test beds which large amount...