Abstract A modification of the AOCS Official Method Ca 5a‐40 for determination free fatty acids (FFA) in 0.3 to 6.0‐g samples refined and crude soybean oil is described. The modified method uses only about 10% weight sample, alcohol volume, alkali strength recommended Method. Standard solutions with FFA concentrations between 0.01 75% were prepared by adding known weights oleic acid. concentrations, determined from small sample sizes method, compared percentages larger Relationships among...

<abstract> <bold>Abstract.</bold> Maize (Zea mays L), commonly known as corn in the United States, is third most important cereal grain worldwide, after wheat and rice. It a basic staple for large groups of people Africa, Latin America, Asia. In tropical countries, proportion maize harvested stored under humid warm climatic conditions, which subsequently results rapid deterioration grains, mainly because growth molds pests. This study reviewed main factors that lead to countries suggests...

Maize (Zea mays L.) consumption makes up over half of daily caloric intake persons in East Africa and adequate supply is necessary for food security subsistence farmers, as well domestic stability. Hermetic post-harvest maize storage an attractive non-chemical control strategy weevil,Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), which the principal cause insect damage to stored grain. Laboratory experiments were conducted on instrumented hermetic non-hermetic containers measure effects temperature (10 vs....

This study investigates the effectiveness of periodic stirring as a non-chemical approach to suppress maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais, and other beetle populations in large-scale grain storage bins. The research was conducted farm steel bin with diameter 9.8 m holding 127 Mg maize, control 7.3 102 maize. Both bins were loaded at 13% moisture infested commercial tolerance rate 2 weevils/kg Probe traps monitored except for S. zeamais before initiated. Maize samples collected depths 0, 0.9,...

ABSTRACT Corn masa by‐product streams are high in fiber and amenable for utilization livestock feed rations. This approach is a potentially viable alternative to landfilling, the traditional disposal method these processing residues. Suspended solids were separated from waste stream, blended with soybean meal at four levels (0, 10, 20, 30% wb), extruded laboratory‐scale extruder speeds of 50 rpm (5.24 rad/sec) 100 (10.47 temperature profiles 80‐90‐100°C 100‐110‐120°C. Processing conditions,...

Following harvest, corn raised for grain is subject to infection and deterioration due storage fungi. Laboratorystorage studies done on yellow dent in the 1960s established dry matter loss, as estimated by CO2 evolution duringstorage, be a usable indicator of during storage. As result these studies, equations were developedto predict stored function moisture content, temperature, mechanical damage level. Laterresearch has added information genetic hybrid resistance fungal growth fungicide...

ABSTRACT TESTS were carried out to define the effects on airflow resistance of adding various percentages sizes fines whole corn kernels. The relationship between clean multiplier and percentage was defined for seven size grades fines. Effect fan power requirements aeration drying estimated.

<abstract> Abstract: Maize grown by subsistence farmers is a staple food for millions of people around the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and Central America. Following harvest shelling, maize subject to storage losses caused birds, rodents, fungi, insects. The amount Mg per year maize, which could be available with no additional inputs land, seed, fertilizer water. On-farm hermetic has potential substantially reduce these without use pesticides. This paper explains basis presents...

A computer vision system was developed for evaluation of the total damage factor used in corn grading. Majorcategories Midwestern U.S. grain market were blueeye mold and germ damage. Sevenhundred twenty kernels obtained from officially sampled Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) samples andclassified by inspectors on Board Appeals Review. Inspectors classified these into mold,germdamaged, sound at an 88% agreement rate. color lighting chamber developedto capture replicate images each...

Post-harvest drying of shelled corn grain requires large amounts fossil fuel energy. In 2004, it was estimated that the upper Midwest consumed more than $1.4 billion fuels to dry $19.7 grain. Over long term, with may become cost prohibitive due limited reserves. To address future energy concerns for dryers, this study evaluated potential use combined heat and power (CHP) systems combustion stover both produce generate electricity fans, augers, control components. Net present value (NPV)...

<abstract> <bold><sc>Abstract.</sc></bold> Agricultural residues, such as corn cobs, are one of the first promising cellulosic materials to be fermented and thermochemically processed into fuel in emerging bio-based economy. Few studies have been conducted on deterioration feedstock storage. This study measured loss cob dry matter, by carbon dioxide evolution, under various storage conditions (temperature moisture content) for 21 days. High content temperature (35% w.b. 30°C) resulted...

Abstract. Maize is an important crop for many smallholder farmers in the world. weevils () cause a significant loss quality and quantity during maize storage, especially tropical regions. Hermetic storage of has been shown to be effective controlling laboratory field settings. The objective this research was test effectiveness steel barrels that could used by hermetic storage. Six 208 L (55 gal) were each loaded with 170 kg (375 lb) at average moisture 13.4% w.b., initial weevil population...

Production of corn masa-based products is flourishing in the United States, as generation masaprocessing waste. Masa by-products have potential for value-added utilization, an option which could produce lesspollution environment and economic benefits masa processors. Physical nutritional properties these by-productsare needed proper design processing operations by-product applications, but informationconcerning byproducts not currently available. Thus objective this study was to fully...

Hermetic post-harvest maize storage can effectively control weevil, Sitophilus zeamais , which be responsible for up to 50% damage stored grain. Its use eliminates the need toxic and expensive chemicals. Laboratory experiments were conducted on hermetic systems evaluate effects of temperature (10o vs. 27°C) moistures (6.3 16%) weevil biology mortality rate, quantify oxygen consumption. Ten-day was higher in nonhermetic storage, 6.3% moisture 16%, at a 27°C 10°C. Oxygen depletion results...

ABSTRACT THE four electronic moisture meters most commonly used by Iowa grain dealers were compared with the official United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) air-oven method on 881 samples corn from 1979 and 1980 harvests. Samples ranged in 11% to 38%, wet basis. With manufacturer-developed calibrations 1979, all brands gave biased readings respect method. Calibration bias errors differed among approximately 1.5% -3.5% content. A recalibration between harvests reduced both this...