Shale oil and gas reserves are abundant enough to meet the growing demand for energy, but exploitation of organic-rich shale with low maturity is still a challenging work due its high kerogen content. As both heat carrier an organic solvent, supercritical water has been found be excellent working medium hydrogen production by biomass or coal gasification. This study initial attempt determine candidacy as feedstock hydrogen-rich generation The effects temperature (500–700 °C), pressure (22–28...

Reliable service of indispensable titanium alloys in aeroengines is limited by the bottleneck problem fires. In this study, a tri-layer fire retardant coating with bi-functional ceramic barrier layer proposed to suppress fire. Results show that current can increase temperature ≥ 300 K under droplet ignition. Thermal effect YSZ refractory significantly reduces Ti alloy temperature, and oxygen prevents active from directly contacting during entire ablation process. Therefore, two effects...

Organic-rich shale resources are large reserves with high hydrocarbon generation potential but difficult to exploit due their solid kerogen content.

For upgrading, SHS was suitable for carbon residue reduction and SCW MCTF were viscosity reduction. thermal recovery, able to show spontaneous miscibility in shallower reservoirs compared may form coke plug pores.

Reliable service of indispensable titanium alloys in aeroengines is limited by fire with unclear critical conditions. In this study, conditions the form parameter phase diagrams for secondary burning were determined molten droplet ignition. Finite element analysis (FEA) reveals that size (R0), relative oxygen content (Pr), and initial temperature (T0) significantly affect following power exponential laws. addition, Pr T0 ablation synergically, a unified empirical relationship alloy...

Supercritical water conversion of low-maturity shale is a promising method to produce oil and gas. Hydrocarbon generation from kerogen influenced by inorganic minerals in shale. This study aims clarify hydrocarbon characteristics pure supercritical removing acid-pickling. A series experiments on the temperature range 300–700 °C were carried out batch reactor, produced gas quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that when increased, yield had experienced variation first an increase then...

Sensor networks node deployment has long been a key problem in the research of wireless sensor networks. In order to reduce cost deployment, this paper proposed an optimised strategy for on basis dynamic ant colony algorithm, aiming at solving slow evolution and falling into local optimal solution frequently. The novel DACA, features integration heuristic factor, expectations evaporation pheromone global updating worst improve algorithm. Then greedy is introduced according distribution...

In this paper, we consider an OFDMA-based two-hop relay network which consists of a single base station, dedicated fixed stations and subscriber stations. We investigate the optimal location aiming to maximize system throughput. also focus on impact different strategies (i.e., decode-and-forward vs. amplify-and-forward) for each source-destination pair performance. For wireless operating in multiuser frequency-selective slow-fading environment, it is important task operator decide where...

An adaptive resource allocation scheme for QoS oriented OFDMA system, which schedules two different utility functions the Real-time/Non Real-time traffic simultaneously, is proposed in this paper. Instead of partial consideration uniform kinds QoS, we introduce an updating ratio factor to schedule users heterogeneous traffic. Due complex optimization objective, general convex optimal methods are no longer feasible. We motivated study a heuristic natural genetic approach solve problem. weak...

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) network system provides higher data rate and lower delay with improved coverage spectrum efficiency for the wireless communications which leads to more creative services emerging, especially multimedia services. introduced specification of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) allows cost efficient flexible provision enriched over IP networks. In addition building environment service deployment, MBMS is proposed as broadcast/multicast delivery technology. Up now...

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) not only inherits the telecom advantages, but also brings several disadvantages, such as poor scalability, single point of failure, etc. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network has advantage scalability and robustness, there are some difficulties in peer management route optimization. By reusing mechanism signaling control media negotiation IMS, P2P technology is introduced into streaming service an IMS-based system given without any modification to original standard IMS...

We describe a software router capable of flexible service composition through plug and play specialized Java modules. These modules - previously developed for network simulation in the J-Sim project are leveraged actual deployment on our JSocket class objects. Our system provides significant engineering benefits simplified code development safe composition/reuse various components. have proved highly useful implementing new services emerging application needs. In particular, we present...

The cable accessory is the key to ensure safety of transmission lines. Existing researches indicate that accessories always break down in process switching. Except high-frequency transient overvoltage, high frequency characteristics are worthy be paid more attention. In this paper, based on measurements dielectric spectroscopy insulating materials ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), silicone rubber (SIR), cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and their semiconducting ranges from 1 MHz GHz,...

High voltage cable accessories play important roles in the power system. Due to limitation of laying conditions, some cases, may bend at a certain curvature joint. The interference fit between joint and is used form interface pressure, curved state will cause pressure deviate from preset value (locally larger or smaller). Aiming above problems, this paper, model parameters silicone rubber semiconductive for 110kV cold-shrinkable were calculated by uniaxial tensile test selection Yeoh model....

IMS-based IPTV is an important research direction in next generation IPTV, which Service Control Server (SCS) as IMS application server one of the most critical network entities. By comparison differences behavior various SIP entities, such Proxy Server, Virtual User Agent (VUA), Back-to-Back and Redirect combined with characteristic different services, Broadcast, Content on Demand (CoD), Time-shift Television, network-side Private Video Record, some suggestions have been given how to choose...